激光-电弧复合焊接缺陷形成机理及抑制方法

Formation mechanism and suppression method of welding defects in laser-arc hybrid welding

近年来,随着电弧焊设备、激光器性能和工业集成技术的不断提高以及激光-电弧复合焊接机理和工艺研究的持续深入,激光-电弧复合焊技术在国内外众多重要工程领域应用越来越广泛。然而,由于激光-电弧复合焊热源间的强耦合作用及其众多的工艺参数难以优化控制,焊接过程仍会出现焊接缺陷,严重影响焊接接头质量和服役可靠性。本文在深入探讨激光-电弧热源协同机制和复合参数影响规律的基础上,重点阐明了激光-电弧复合焊接气孔、裂纹、咬边、驼峰等主要缺陷的形成机理和成形过程,同时进一步分析了不同焊接形式的缺陷抑制方法及其作用机理,以期为更好地理解激光-电弧复合焊这一优质高效焊接方法并推动其更广泛的工业应用提供参考。

Recently,with the development of arc welding equipment,laser performance and industrial integration technology,as well as the continuing in-depth study on mechanism and process of laser-arc hybrid welding,the laserarc hybrid welding technology has been widely used in many important engineering areas in domestic and abroad. Nevertheless,the strong coupling occurs owing to laser-arc hybrid welding and the difficulty on the optimization and control of complex process parameter will lead to welding defects,and then the quality and service reliability will be greatly influenced. In this paper,the synergistic mechanism of laser-arc heat source and the influence rules of hybrid parameters are discussed. Additionally,the formation mechanism and forming process of primary defects such as porosity,crack,undercut and hump of laser-arc hybrid welding are emphatically expounded. Meanwhile,the further study of restraining defects methods,mechanism of laser-arc hybrid welding action in different hybrid process,have been discussed to provide a reference for wider industrial application.