中国森林破碎化及其化解研究综述及展望

Research Review and Outlook of Forest Fragmentation and Its Solutions in China

中国森林面积增长举世瞩目，但森林破碎化问题日益凸显。如何化解森林破碎化问题尚未引起国内学术界的充分关注，研究储备难以支撑中国森林整体性和系统性的管理政策实践。文中在综述中国森林破碎化驱动力的基础上从社会经济发展、森林景观恢复、森林治理3个视角综述化解森林破碎化的相关措施，并基于奥斯特罗姆的社会生态系统分析框架提出森林破碎化化解框架，指出中国森林破碎化研究的基本路径和未来展望。现有社会经济发展、森林景观恢复、森林治理等方面的研究在如何解决森林破碎化问题上渐趋融合，认识到单纯从生态系统或者社会系统出发的解决方案收效有限，需要将森林破碎化问题置于社会生态系统中进行考虑，探索化解森林破碎化的综合方法。森林破碎化化解框架为揭示森林破碎化的化解因素、作用机制和效果评估提供了分析工具，需要挖掘和整理中国在化解森林破碎化方面积累的实践经验，识别影响森林破碎化的关键因素，理清它们与森林破碎化之间的作用机制，明晰它们的综合作用如何影响了中国森林破碎化和森林生态系统综合管理的方向。

China has attracted worldwide attention for her forest growth in the past decades, but forest fragmentation is a problem that could not be ignored. How to address forest fragmentation is a field lack of adequate attention from domestic academic community, and thus the current research makes it difficult to support the integrative and systematic management policies for forests in China. Based on the review of drivers of forest fragmentation in China, this paper examined the solutions from three perspectives of social-economic development, forest landscape restoration, and forest governance, and proposed a framework to guide research approach and key issues of forest fragmentation research in China on the basis of Ostrom＇ s framework of social- ecological system. The existing studies on forest fragmentation have recognized the limits of the single solution from the social system or ecological system, and suggested exploring the integrated solutions to solve the forest fragmentation under social-ecological system. The framework of social-ecological system provides an analytical tool to identify the factors helping to address forest fragmentation and their casual mechanisms. The further research should focus on reviewing China＇ s practical experiences of addressing forest fragmentation to identify what the factors help to relieve forest fragmentation and explore their causal mechanisms, and evaluating how those factors contribute to resolution of forest fragmentation problem and integrated forest management in China.