交易型低碳消费引导政策工具创新与探索

党的"十九大"报告已将绿色低碳作为培育我国经济增长新动能的重点领域之一,这势必要求突破既有低碳政策机制格局,建立以低碳消费引领低碳生产的激励导向。为了突破既有低碳消费政策设计思路,应探索兼顾减排效率和经济效率的政策路径作为政策工具创新宗旨。本文设计了交易型"低碳消费碳节约交易"引导政策工具群,它由核心政策工具和配套政策工具组成。核心政策工具就是在预估交易参与方激励响应的基础上,构建如下激励路径:政府对企业购进节约碳权的行为给予税金抵扣优惠,对居民家庭建立节约碳权储存及市场交易制度。这种核心政策工具具有减量激励、总量交易与基线交易相融合以及自愿交易三大机制特性。为了解决核心政策工具中的交易成本和市场势力问题,设计或优化的配套政策工具包括碳标识制度、低碳消费社会服务体系、消费碳信用制度、监管制度,以此形成政策工具之间的激励响应管道以及响应保障机理。

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has taken green and low carbon as one of the key areas to cultivate the new momentum of economic growth in China, which is bound to require a breakthrough of the existing low-carbon policy mechanism and the establishment of a low carbon consumption to guide low-carbon production. In order to break through the design ideas of existing low carbon consumption policy, we should explore the policy path that takes into account the efficiency of emission reduction and economic efficiency as a policy tool for innovation purposes. This paper designs a guiding policy tool group of transactional ＂Carbon-Saving Transaction with Low Carbon Consumption＂, which consists of core policy tools and supporting policy tools. The core policy tool is to build the following incentive path on the basis of estimating the incentive response of the transaction participants： the government gives tax credit to the enterprise for purchasing carbon saving right and establishes carbon saving fight storage and market trading system for households. This core policy tool has three characteristics： incentive of reduction, integration of total transaction and baseline transaction, and voluntary trading. In order to solve the problems of transaction costs and market power in the core policy instruments, the supporting policy tools designed or optimized include the carbon labeling system, the low- carbon consumer social service system, the consumer carbon credit system, and the regulatory system. In this way, the incentive response pipeline and the response protection mechanism in policy tools are formed.