龙头企业跨界创业、双平台架构与产业集群生态升级——基于江苏宜兴“环境医院”模式的案例研究

Cross-border Entrepreneurship of Focal Firms,Dual Platform Architecture and Industrial Cluster Ecosystem Upgrading——A Case Study of Jiangsu Yixing Environmental Hospital

本文立足于"实体经济如何实现与互联网深度融合发展"这一经济热点问题,以江苏宜兴环保产业集群推出的"环境医院"模式为典型个案,剖析了实体产业集群"互联网+"转型的过程机理。研究发现:(1)"环境医院"模式是通过构建交易平台,利用网络竞争挤出机制推动资源重组;构建创新平台,利用双边市场匹配机制促进资源重配,从而形成支撑集群升级的交易和创新双平台架构。(2)龙头企业跨界创业是构建双平台架构的微观行为基础,其不是简单地跨产业或地理边界的多元经营,而是通过跨界信息搜寻和资源整合支撑创业机会的构建和实施,从而实现产品生产到平台运营的商业逻辑转变。(3)双平台架构的有效运行需要在实现平台企业成长的同时,处理好平台生态治理问题。平台企业成长是通过构建平台消除点状结构洞,提高供需匹配效率而创造价值;依靠平台界面将传统多子群生产网络重构为双边用户族群网络,进而占据球状结构洞成为平台领导者而获取价值。集群生态治理则需形成一套不同于市场和科层的平台治理机制,包括边界治理和开放度治理。与电子商务平台不同,集群产业平台更倾向采取高度一体化和低度开放化的治理策略。(4)集群生态升级的过程机理是依靠龙头企业跨界创业构建起交易和创新双平台架构,解决平台企业成长和平台生态治理问题,促进交易和创新平台的二元平衡,最终实现集群生态生产率、多样性和稳定性的提升。本研究为实体经济与互联网深度融合发展提供了实践样本,管理启示包括集群升级思维变革、龙头企业跨界行动框架、依托实体产业集群助推双创发展和探索孵化器主导的园区招商模式等。

Focusing on the hot economic issue that how the real economy realizes deep integrative development with Interuet, this paper analyzes the process mechanism of industrial clusters＇ internet plus transformation based on the case of Jiangsu Yixing Environmental Hospital. The research finding as follows. ①The Environmental Hospital builds transaction platform and promotes the reorganization of resources through the competition and extrusion mechanism of the network, and innovation platform to promote the reconfiguration of the resources through the two-sided market matching mechanism; thus to form a dual platform architecture of the transaction and innovation to support the upgrading of cluster ecosystem. ②The cross-border entrepreneurship of focal firms is the micro foundation of building the dual platform architecture. Specifically, it is not merely the diversification operating crossing the industrial or geographic boundary, instead, it is to build and to implement entrepreneurial opportunity through cross-border information search and resource integration, then make the change of business logic from production to platform operation. ③The effective operation of dual platform architecture needs to handle the issues of platform ecosystem governance and achieve the platform enterprise growth at the same time. The growth of platform enterprise is to eliminate point-like structural hole through the building of platform to improve the matching efficiency of the supply and demand to create value; relying on the platform interface to reconstruction the two-sided user community network from the traditional multi-subgroup production network, and then occupy the ball-like structural hole to become the platform leader to obtain value. Cluster ecological governance needs to form a new platform governance mechanism different from the market and bureaucracy, including boundary governance and openness governance. Different from the traditional consumer electronics platform, the industrial cluster platform tends to adopt a high-level integrated and low-level openness governance strategy. ④The process mechanism of cluster ecosystem upgrading is to build the dual platform architecture of the transaction and innovation based on the cross-border entrepreneurship of focal firms to address the growth and ecological governance of platform enterprises. It will promote the dual balance of the transaction and innovation platforms, and eventually achieve the improvement of the productivity, diversity and robustness of the cluster ecosystem. The managerial implications include thinking change of cluster upgrading, cross-border entrepreneurial action framework of focal firms, innovation and entrepreneurship promotion relying on the industrial cluster and incubator-oriented park investment attraction mode.