正常的越轨者:戈夫曼论污名

Normal Deviant: Goffman on Stigma

欧文·戈夫曼以拟剧论为基础对污名现象进行互动分析,他尤为关注污名管理的技术与策略,试图将不同污名的情境结构置于统一的框架,并以关系性的语言加以描述。在戈夫曼看来,每个人的身份都可能遭遇污名,进而威胁自我的呈现。通过聚焦于遭贬抑的社会身份,戈夫曼探讨了污名化进程,认为污名是社会建构的身份过程。正常人与污名者不是根本不同的类别,而是两种不同的社会视角,它涉及普遍存在的双重角色之社会过程。污名并非绝对的本质观念,正是社会与文化赋予遭贬抑的属性。正常人与污名者之间构成一个连续统,污名者是正常的越轨者,戈夫曼由此质疑越轨社会学的内在合法性。

Goffman＇ s interactive analysis of stigma phenomenon is based on dramaturgy, so he particular- ly focuses on the arts and strategies of stigma management, trying to put different stigmas＇ situational structures under the same h＇ame, and describing with relational language. In goffman＇ s view, everyone＇ s identity would be encountered stigma, and threat self-presentation. Through focus on discreditable so- cial identity, Goffman discussed about stigmatization, and suggesting stigma is a identity process of social structure. Normal and deviant are not different categories, but different social perspectives, which refer- ring to ubiquitous dual-role social process. Stigma is not an absolute and essential concept, as its humili- ated attribute was endowed by society and culture. Normal-deviant constitute a continuum, which the let- ter were considered as normal deviants, Goffman questioned the inner legitimacy of western sociology of deviance.