《清代民歌时调文献集》中的方言俗语现象分析

A Study of the Dialects and Colloquialisms in the Collection of Qing Dynasty's Folk Songs and Pop Songs

《清代民歌时调文献集》中方言俗语的运用,是其语言的一大特色。此书所记方言俗语可分为两种类型:一种是以某地方言土语的类聚,或汇集口语中的同素词群为内容构成;一种是零散的用例。从产生的时代看,这些方言俗语一部分是承袭前代而来,一部分则是在清代流行。从使用频率看,有些词语的使用范围广、出现频率高,有些则文献记录少,属于冷僻词语。这些方言俗语可为近代汉语词汇研究提供丰富的语料,也可为语文辞书的编纂提供帮助。

The use of dialects andcolloquialisms in the Collection of Qing Dynasty＇s Folk Songs and Pop Songs is one of its distinctive language features. The dialects and colloquialisms could be divided into two types, one is the word gatherings of some dialects or of the same morphemes in spoken language ; while the other is scattered words. As far as the time of usage is concerned, some of the dialects were inherited from the former generation while some just came into vogue in Qing Dynasty. When the fre- quency of usage is taken into consideration, some of the words were used widely with higher usage frequencies while some were un- familiar words as they were not recorded a lot in the book. These dialects and colloquialisms not only enrich the corpus for studying modern Chinese vocabulary, but also are helpful for the composing of Chinese lexical books.