昆明市建成区动态扩展研究

Dynamic Expansion of Built-up Area in Kunming

城市扩展是城市化进程的直接表现。以昆明市区为研究对象,选用1974—2010年间的5期遥感数据提取昆明市建成区范围,应用空间分析方法和空间重心转移模型,分析昆明市建成区的扩展过程及方向性特征。结果表明,昆明市建成区面积从1974年的2 211.5 hm2增加到2010年的44 755.1 hm2;城市扩展速率和扩展强度呈上升趋势,城市仍处于快速发展时期;城市紧凑度远低于1,表明城市扩张还较为粗放;分形维数的波动说明城市发展过程中表现出了稳定性差、随意性大的特点。分析昆明市建成区扩展格局经历的3个阶段以及当前的昆明城市发展战略,指出城市建成区扩展趋势及面临的问题与挑战。

Urban expansion is the direct indicator of urbanization. This paper applied spatial analysis method and spatial gravity center transfer model to analyze the expansion procedure and direction of built -up area in Kunming based on remote sensing data from 1974 to 2010. The results showed that the build -up area in Kunming was increased from 22.11 km^2 in 1974 to 447.55 km^2 in 2010, that the city was still developing rapidly with the increasing urban expansion rate and expansion intensity, that the city compactness index was far less than 1, indicating the extensive city expansion, and that the fluctuation of fractal dimension showed a characteristic of high randomness and poor stability in urbanization. According to the analysis for 3 stages of expansion pattern and development strategy of urbanization, problems and challenges of urban expansion in Kunming were discussed.