膜上覆土栽培对云南春作马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响

The Effects of Growth,Yield and Quality of Potato with Covering Soil on the Plastic Film Cultivation in Spring Cropping of Yunnan

【目的】为探寻膜上覆土栽培对云南春作马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响,筛选出适合云南春作马铃薯的栽培方式。【方法】以云南主栽品种青薯9号为试验材料,采用完全随机区组设计,设计不同厚度地膜和膜上覆不同厚度泥土处理,以常规不覆膜不覆土为对照,对土壤温湿度、马铃薯出苗情况、植株生长情况、产量和营养品质进行测定。【结果】膜上覆土栽培能够达到抗旱、保湿,均衡土壤水分的效果,同时还可适当抑制覆膜带来的增温,因此,膜上不覆土的处理均未出苗,其余处理的出苗率均显著高于对照(P<0.05),有效促进出苗,提高出苗速度,0.008 mm透明膜膜上覆土4 cm处理的出苗率和出苗速度最高;膜上覆土栽培增高了株高、增粗茎粗和增多分枝数,延长生育期,最长延长了14 d;提高块茎单株产量,0.008 mm透明膜膜上覆土6 cm处理单株产量最高;膜上覆土栽培提高了干物质含量、总淀粉含量和蛋白质含量。另外,膜上覆土栽培可以减少出苗破膜需要的用工,便于收获。【结论】膜上覆土是一种高效增产的栽培模式,其中以覆0.008 mm透明膜并在膜上覆4~6 cm土的处理效果最佳。

[ Purpose] To explore the effects of growth, yield and quality of potato with coveringsoil on the plastic film cultivation in spring cropping of Yunnan, screening the best cultivation pat- tern for spring cropping potato in Yunnan. [ Method] Qingshu9, a mainly cultivated variety in Yunnan, was used as the tested material and the randomized complete block design was taken. We designed the different thickness plastic film and soil on the plastic film and conducted the experi-ment under combination factor experimental design. Soil temperature and water contents emer- gence, plant growth, yield and quality were measured. [ Result] The covered soil on the fihn en- hanced its drought resistance, kept the soil moisture, balanced soil water content, at the same time, it also appropriately restrained effect of increasing temperature. So that, potato seeds didn＇ t emerge, the treatment of 0. 008 mm hyaline film and add a thickness of 4 cm soil on film manifes- ted a highest emergence ratio and fastest speed of emergence, which all the experiments were con- ducted under covering plastic film but completely without soil on the film condition. The treatments of covering soil on the plastic film universally could manifest emergence ratios significantly higher than the check; effectively promote the emergence, increase the speed of emergence, heighten its height, expand its stem diameter, increase the amount of branches, extend the growth period, the longest extended the 14 days, and then promote production per plant, the treatment of 0. 008 mm hyaline film and add a thickness of 4 cm soil on film manifested a manifested the highest produc- tion, and improve dry matter, total starch, protein and nitrogen content of potato tuber. What＇s more, cover soil on the plastic film can reduce the labor of breaking film, it is convenient to har- vest. [ Conclusion ] Cover soil on the plastic film is a kind of high-yield and efficient cultivation pattern. Among them, the treatment of 0. 008 mm hyaline film and add a thickness of 4 - 6 cm soil on film manifested the best result.