三七种子带菌检测及致病菌鉴定研究

Testing of Seed Borne Fungi of Panax notoginseng and Identification of Seed Pathogens

【目的】检测三七种子表面和内部寄藏的带菌量和真菌种类,明确三七通过种子携带传播的主要病原菌。【方法】采用PDA平板法对采自三七主产区云南省文山州和红河州的15份种子样品进行种子表面和内部寄藏真菌检测,并通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定以及致病力测定明确三七种子传带的病原菌情况。【结果】15份三七种子样品中,种子表面携带的主要真菌为菌核菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、灰霉菌属(Botrytis)、拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis)真菌;种子内部寄藏的主要真菌为菌核菌、镰刀菌属和拟盘多毛孢属真菌。致病力测定结果表明:三七种子主要携带的致病真菌有镰刀菌属、链格孢属(Alternaria)和丛赤壳属(Bionectria);其中,带菌率最高且致病性最强的是镰刀菌属的滕仓赤霉复合种(Gibberella intermedia)、三线镰刀菌(Fusarium tricinctum)、串珠镰刀菌(Gibberella moniliformis)和木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)。【结论】本研究明确了三七种子传带的主要病原菌为镰刀菌和链格孢菌,为三七种子处理提供了理论支撑。

[ Purpose ] the aim of this study is to determine the quantity and genus of fungi on the sur- face and inside of Panax notoginseng seeds, and identify the seed-associated pathogens. [Methodl 15 seed samples were collected from Honghe and Wenshan City, and the fungi on the surface and inside of the seeds were isolated using PDA plate test and identified using morphology and molecular methods, meanwhile pathogenicity of isolates to the leaf, stem and root of P. notoginseng was evaluated. [ Result ] The results indicated that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium spp. , Botrytis spp. and Pestalotiopsis spp.were main fungi on the seed surface. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium spp. and Pestalotiopsis spp. were the main fungi inside seeds. Pathogenicity test showed that isolates of Fusarium spp. , Ahernaria spp. and Bionectria spp. could infect leaf, stem and root of P. notoginseng, Gibberella intermedia, Fu- sarium tricinctum, F. moniliformis, and F. equiseti were the main seed-borne pathogens. [ Conclusion] These results elucidated the main seed-borne pathogens of P. notoginseng are Fusarium spp. and Alter- naria spp, this may provide theoretical basis for P. notoginscng seed treatment.