经皮经肝胆囊穿刺引流术在特殊人群急性结石性胆囊炎治疗中的应用

Application of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for acute calculous cholecystitis in special population

目的探讨经皮经肝胆囊穿刺引流术(PTGD)在高龄、肝硬化、中晚期孕妇3种特殊人群急性结石性胆囊炎患者治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2015年12月在陕西省宝鸡市中心医院行PTGD的292例3种特殊人群急性结石性胆囊炎患者临床资料。患者均签署知情同意书,符合医学伦理学规定。患者男105例,女187例;年龄22~91岁,中位年龄47岁。其中高龄176例,肝硬化77例,中晚期孕妇39例。患者行超声引导下PTGD,迅速解除胆囊张力,根据病情择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)。观察高龄患者PTGD前后炎症控制情况和肝硬化患者、中晚期孕妇手术疗效。PTGD前后炎症指标比较采用t检验。结果 PTGD术后3 d高龄患者症状明显改善,WBC、C-反应蛋白、血清降钙素原平均值分别为(9.8±0.5)×10~9/L、(22.0±1.3)/L、(0.15±0.02)μg/L,明显低于术前的(12.5±0.4)×10~9/L、(35.0±2.8)μg/L、(0.25±0.03)μg/L(t=-18.725,-29.062,-21.287;P<0.05)。77例肝硬化患者PTGD术后1周,胆囊炎症均得到有效控制,其中66例行序贯LC术,1例中转开腹,手术时间(31±9)min,术中出血量(21±5)ml,术后住院时间(4.3±0.6)d。39例中晚期孕妇患者PTGD术后1周胆囊炎症得到有效控制;PTGD术后至产后1个月择期行LC术,中转开腹1例。结论对于高龄、肝硬化、中晚期孕妇3种特殊人群急性结石性胆囊炎患者,PTGD操作简便、微创、安全、有效,可有效控制炎症,序贯择期行LC可降低急诊手术风险。

Objeetive To evaluate the application ofpercutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage （PTGD） in the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis in 3 kinds of special population including the elderly, cirrhosis or mid and late-stage pregnant women. Methods Clinical data of 292 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis among 3 kinds of special population who underwent PTGD in Baoji Central Hospital of Shaanxi between January 2009 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. There were 105 males and 187 females, aged from 22-91 and with a median age of 47 years old. 176 cases were elderly patients, 77 were with cirrhosis and 39 were mid and late-stage pregnant women. Ultrasound-guided PTGD was performed in the patients to relieve gallbladder tension rapidly, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy （LC） was performed according to the patient＇s condition. Efficacy of cholecystitis control in elderly patients before and after PTGD as well as the efficacy of surgical treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis or mid and late-stage pregnant women were observed. Cholecystitis indexes before and after PTGD were compared using t test. Results Symptoms of elderly patients significantly improved 3 d after PTGD. The average WBC, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were （9.8±0.5）× 109/L, （22.0±1.3） μg/L and （0.15±0.02） μg/L, which were significantly lower than preoperative （12.5±0.4）×109/L, （35.0±2.8） μg/L and （0.25±0.03） μg/L, respectively （t=-18.725, -29.062, -21.287; P〈0.05）. Cholecystitis in 77 patients with liver cirrhosis were effectively controlled within 1 week after PTGD, including 66 received sequential LC and 1 converted to open cholecystectomy, with a length of operation （31±9） min, intraoperative blood loss （21±5） ml and postoperative length of hospital stay （4.3±0.6） d. Cholecystitis in 39 mid and late-stage pregnant women were effectively controlled 1 week after PTGD. These patients received elective LC during the period after PTGD to 1 month after delivery, including 1 converted to open cholecystectomy. Conclusions For patients with acute calculous cholecystitis in 3 kinds of special population including the elderly, those with cirrhosis or mid and late-stage pregnant women, PTGD can effectively control the eholecystitis with the advantages of simple operation, minimally invasive, safety and effectiveness, and sequential elective LC can reduce the risk of emergent surgery.