对外汉语教学领域可比语料库的构建及应用研究——以“把”字句的句法语义标注及应用研究为例

The Construction and Application of the Comparable Corpus for TCSL:A Case Study of Semantic and Syntactic Annotation and Its Application of “Ba” Sentence

该文构建了一个规模为11万字的,包含自然语料、对外汉语教材语料和汉语中介语语料的小型"把"字句可比语料库,制订了"把"字的句法语义标注框架,对语料库中1 556个"把"字句进行了句法语义标注,开发了检索界面,探讨了可比语料库在"把"字句教学与研究中的应用。数据显示:汉语教材中表示具体空间转移、描述动作的方式和次数、信息转移、致使类的"把"字句偏多,但表示抽象空间转移、判断或认同类的"把"字句偏少。学习者对于结果类"把"字句掌握较好;教材中S+把+N+V+状态补语、S+把+N1+V+N2等五种结构形式的"把"字句偏多,但S+把+N1+V为+N2、S+把+N1+V到+N2等六种结构形式的"把"字句偏少。学习者须依次加强S+把+N+V+趋向补语、S+把+N1+V到+N2等17种结构形式的"把"字句的学习。研究认为汉语可比语料库可为对外汉语教材研究、教材编排、二语习得研究、课堂教学提供数据支持与语料基础。

This paper builds a comparable corpus of 110 000 characters which contains three types of corpus data,i.e.natural data,textbook corpus of TCSL,Inter-language Corpus.It also presents the syntax-semantic annotation scheme of Ba-sentence and annotates 1 556 Ba-sentences.Statistical analyses are conducted from both semantic and syntax aspects.The data shows that the Ba-sentence of expressing specific space transfer,describing the way and frequency of action,expressing information transfer and causative meaning in the Chinese-texts are more than necessary.However,the Ba-sentence of expressing abstract space transfer and judgment in the Chinese-texts are less than necessary.The Learners are familiar with the ba-sentence of expressing the result.But they need pay more attention on S＋ba＋N＋V＋directional complement,S＋ba＋N1＋V＋dao＋N2 and another 15 types of Ba-sentence.