基于传感设备和在线平台的自反馈式城市设计方法及其实践

Methodology and Application of the Self-feedback Urban Design Based on Urban Sensors and Online Platform

大数据的兴起,深化了人们在城市规划与设计过程中对现状的精细化认识。城市传感器基础设施和智慧城市的建设,为规划设计的后置式反馈和精确描绘分析对象提供了契机。在线平台不仅动态展示城市数据信息,更激发了城市人群个体的空间应变,提供了空间需求信息反馈的渠道,促进了不同角色的交互与沟通。本文提出基于传感设备和在线平台的自反馈式城市设计方法,在搭建整体框架的基础上,解析数据和传感器类型,划分在线平台的模块,提炼五类应用场景。文章进一步将这一自反馈式城市设计的方法初步应用于上海衡复历史街区的城市设计实践,提出了空间传感器植入框架,结合多种大数据和开放数据,形成融合多种功能模块的衡复区信息共享网络交互平台,包括街道慢行指数测度平台、人本观测平台、人迹地图平台、方案宣传展示平台、公众参与平台、人际数据交互感知地毯数据平台等六大版块,并对其所带来的机遇和挑战进行了讨论。

The burst of urban big data has deepened people＇s perception of urban context. However, the construction of smart-city infrastructure and urban sensors implies the opportunity of delicate depiction of existing situation and post-positioned feedback of the implementation of planning and design. The online platform not only vividly displays various city information, but also creates the channel for feedback of new demands of urban life, and facilitates the interaction of the roles and stakeholders. This paper proposes the framework of self-feedback urban design based on urban sensors and online platform. Firstly, it introduces the workflow, data inventory, urban sensor category, online platform modules and application scenarios. Secondly, this methodology is applied to urban design of Hengfu Historical District in Shanghai, with a comprehensive online platform combining the modules of slow-traffic data collection and analysis platform, human observational data platform, human activity track platform, design and project display platform, public participation platform, spatial interaction carpet platform. At last, the opportunities and challenges of this self-feedback urban design methodology are further discussed.