国外高速铁路对区域空间经济的影响研究及启示

The Impacts of High Speed Rail on Regional and Spatial Economy Abroad and the Enlightenment to China

交通基础设施改进有利于区域经济发展,人们普遍认为高铁能缩短时空距离,对区域经济发展起到催化剂的作用。目前,中国建设高铁里程量最多,对空间经济的影响研究却甚少。通过国外权威期刊文献分析,梳理高铁压缩时空距离、增加乘客量、改变交通模式份额、与航空产生竞争关系、提高可达性,以及高铁的"极化效应"、"扩散效应"引起区域经济空间不均衡发展等影响。本文提出对中国高铁空间经济影响的研究启示,拓宽研究领域和研究方法,强化实证分析,有助于利用好高铁这把双刃剑,构建多元化交通系统模式,避免极化效应带来的过度集聚经济,对实现中国区域经济协调发展有重要的意义。

Traditionally, improvements in transport infrastructure have been known to bring about economic growth in a region. It is widely understood that High-Speed Rail （HSR） shrinks the national time-space geography and elevates the development of regional economy. At present, HSR systems are quickly developing throughout China, but the research of impacts on the spatial economic are very little. Through international authoritative journal literature abroad, finding the influences of high-speed railway on reducing the travel time and increasing rail passenger ridership, the modal shares of railways in the transport market, competitive relationship with air and the improvement of accessibility. ＂Polarization effect＂ and ＂Diffusion effect＂ can cause the economic problems of the unbalance in regions. To discuss the theoretical framework that is fit for high-speed rail on the regional economic development with Chinese characteristics, to broad the research field and methods, and strengthen the empirical analysis, this paper could help taking advantage of the high-speed rail as a double-edged sword, to build the intermodal transport interchange system. Avoiding ＂polarization effect＂ that can cause to excessive centralization economic, which has very significant to realize regional economic coordinated development in China.