边地、边民与边界的型构:从清代湖南苗疆到民国湘西苗族

The Formation of Borderland,Remote People,and Frontier:From Hunan Miao Borderland in the Qing Period to West Hunan Miao Ethnic Group in the Republican Period

清代苗疆泛指中国南方非汉族群的广大分布区域。湖南苗疆在民国时期被划入新的行政体系,成为边政体系中湘西的一部分。原为行政地名的湘西逐渐与当时的苗族产生紧密联系,被外界赋予独特的文化意涵。从清代湖南苗疆到民国的湘西行政区划,整体发展脉络印证了司科特(James C.Scott)的论述:国家行政治理的可识别性会导致社会与环境的重塑。民国时期各类能动者的论述,型构出湘西边地、边民意象,延续了苗疆的边缘性。

Miao borderland roughly refers to the vast residential area of non-Han Chinese ethnic groups in southern China in the Qing dynasty.During the Republican period,Miao borderland in Hunan Province was included into Xiangxi Political District,a new administrative division,and became a part of the border administration system.Xiangxi,the name of the new administrative division,has been connected gradually with the Miao and given a unique cultural implication from the outsiders since the Republican period.From the Hunan Miao borderland to Xiangxi,the overall development of the administrative divisions of Hunan Province confirms James C.Scott's argument that the legibility of statecraft causes the remodel of society and environment.During the Republican period,various agents'discourses constructed the frontier of Xiangxi,the image of remote people,continuing Miao ethnic group frontier.