我国地方政府财政科技资金的缺口测算——基于公共服务均等化视角

ESTIMATION OF THE GAP IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FUNDS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN CHINA—BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC SERVICE EQUALIZATION

科学创新是推动生产力发展和经济增长的决定性要素和重要力量,而财政科技支出是政府介入科技事业的着力点。目前,我国政府科技支出占GDP比重一直低于1%,而美国该比重均在2%左右,支出总量明显不足;同时东部地区科技支出额与中、西部地区间差距较大,严重影响了我国公共服务均等化目标的实现。鉴此,综合考虑供给与需求两方面因素的基础上,利用2007—2015年我国省级面板数据,对30个省、市、自治区财政科技资金的缺口进行测算。研究结果表明,由于我国转移支付制度并没有向经济欠发达地区倾斜,致使我国地区间财政科技支出存在较大差异。最后结合我国实际情况,为实现科技服务均等化目标,提出有针对性的建议。

Scientific innovation is a decisive factor and an important force in promoting the development of productive forces and economic growth. Expenditure on science and technology is the focus of government intervention in science and technology. At present, the government expenditure on science and technology in our country has always been below 1% of GDP, while that in the United States is about 2% and the total expenditure is obviously insufficient. Meanwhile, The gap between the eastern region with the central and western regions in terms of the expenditure on science and technology is large, seriously affecting the realization of the goal of public services equalization in our country. Therefore, based on the factors of supply and demand,this paper uses the provincial panel data from 2007 to 2015 to estimate the gap of science and technology funds in public finance in 30 provinces, cities and autonomous regions. The results show that the system of transfer payment has not been tilted toward the economically underdeveloped regions. In order to achieve the goal of equalization of science and technology services,some pertinent suggestions for the actual situation in our country are put forward.