儿童福利视角下瑞典学前教育公共支出政策内容、特征及启示

The Characteristics and Enlightenments of Sweden's Public Expenditure Policy on Early Childhood Care and Education from the Perspective of Child Welfare

从儿童福利视角来看,来自于福利部门和教育部门的支出政策共同构成了瑞典学前教育公共支出政策的基本框架。根据支出的重点,这一政策框架至少包含了时间支出、服务支出和现金支出三种政策类型。作为一个典型的制度型福利国家,瑞典的学前教育公共支出政策呈现出系统化特征,是一个以"儿童权利"和"性别平等"为核心的多向度公共支出体系,兼具"去家庭化"和"再家庭化"的融合特点,并呈现出明显的"去商品化"倾向。为了儿童福祉,政府应积极承担发展学前教育的责任,而发展学前教育需要多部门公共支出的系统支持,同时应加强0~6岁托幼整合,重视学前教育公共支出对家庭的支持功能。

Public expenditure policy of early childhood care and education in Sweden was composed of policies from the department of welfare and education in the perspective of child welfare. Depending on the focus of the expenditure, the policy framework includes three policy types： time expenditure, service expenditure and expenditure in cash. As a typical institutional welfare state, Sweden＇s ECCE public expenditure policy shows characteristics of systematic, decommodification and integration of de- familiarization and re-familialism. It enlightens us, firstly,the government should take active responsibilities in the development of preschool education based on the welfare of children. Secondly, the muhifunction of preschool education requires systematic support from multiple departments in public expenditure. Lastly, we should strengthen the integration of 0- 6- year- old care and education, and improve the public expendi ture policies to support families.