江苏泗洪韩井遗址水稻驯化的植硅体证据及相关问题

Phytolith Evidence for Rice Domestication of the Hanjing Site in Sihong,Jiangsu Province and the Related Issues

韩井遗址顺山集文化一期由洼地和水沟组成的水稻田,很可能是目前发现的最早与人类驯化水稻相关的遗迹,植硅体分析也在一定程度上对这一论断给予支持。从顺山集文化一期到二期,韩井遗址均以水稻双峰型植硅体居多,而且其百分比和浓度(均值)均呈现增多的态势;水稻扇型和横排哑铃型植硅体表现出相反的规律。与同时期顺山集遗址相比,韩井遗址的水稻扇型植硅体尺寸偏小。水稻扇型植硅体鱼鳞状纹饰个数和水稻双峰型植硅体形态测量用于水稻驯化程度的判定上,表现出非协同性。陶胎中掺入破碎稻壳是韩井遗址水稻栽培与驯化实践的又一反映。

The ＂paddy field＂ remains composed of depressions and drains unearthed from the Hanjing site, which date to the first stage of Shunshanji Culture, are probably the earliest relics that are associated with human domestication of rice in China, as supported by phytoliths analysis to a certain extent. The Double-peaked Oryza-type is dominant of the rice phytolith at the Hanjing site, and its mean value of percentage and concentration show an increasing trend from the first stage to the second stage of Shunshanji Culture; Those of Oryza-type bulliform and Oryza-type Bilobate present the opposite pattern. Compared with the Shunshanji site attributed to the same period, the size of Oryza-type bulliform from the Hanjing site is smaller. The determination of the number of fish-scale decorations and the morphometric of the double-peaked Oryza-type show non-cooperativity when they are used to judge the degree of rice domestica tion. The incorporation of crushed rice husk into the pottery is likely to be another reflection of the practice of rice cultivation and domestication in the Hanjing site.