李尔王的病态人格与悲剧属性

Morbid Personality and Tragic Nature of King Lear

李尔王形象的悲剧原因,虽然可以概括为佞臣挑唆、子女忤逆等外源性因素,但李尔王本人的病态人格却更为致命。作为专制君王,其心理行为特征具有决策时的肆意妄为,为树立"顺昌逆亡"权威的滥用奖罚;受挫时便沮丧恐慌,遇难时则焦虑紧张,甚至以流浪荒野的自虐形态,刻意放大苦难状态;反省时却以推诿逃避的方式将责任外化,以"受到惩罚超越过失"为理由,表现出拒绝认错的偏执极端。所以,李尔王悲剧的根本因素,就是未能实现身份角色的自我转换,即"自我同一性"的缺失与崩溃,更是其病态人格的集中爆发。尽管李尔王悲剧尚未达到"历史的必然性要求"这一高度,但仅仅作为一般专制君王任性、负气导致的灾难性结果,也足以具备深远的警醒意义。

Besides some external factors, the tragic nature of King Lear lies more in his morbidpersonality. As a despotic monarch, Lear abuses his power in every respect, makes a fuss of some things,and even refuses to admit his mistakes, and hence his tragic nature and finally his loss of identity, whichleads to the final development of his morbid personality. The tragedy of King Lear serves as a reminderof disastrous results for the world.