“十七年”时期的莎学探索——论吴兴华对《威尼斯商人》的解读及其范式意义

Shakespearean Studies in the “Seventeen Years” Period: on Wu Xinghua's Interpretation of The Merchant of Venice and Its Paradigm Significance

英年早逝的诗人、学者吴兴华教授对英国伊丽莎白时期两位重要剧作家马洛和莎士比亚的评论和译介,是"十七年"时期英美文学研究的重要学术成果。其中发表于1963年《文学评论》上的长篇论文《〈威尼斯商人〉——冲突和解决》作为其莎剧研究的代表性成果,堪称"十七年"时期莎学研究的典范,也是"十七年文论"中的精华之一。本文考察了吴兴华对《威尼斯商人》特有的研究范式,阐明了其从素材改动、剧本结构及情节发展中发现作者意图和价值观的研究思路和方法,肯定了他的以总体性历史-文本分析与原典实证为核心精神的莎学研究方向,并试图借助"袪魅"、"复魅"等理论深化吴兴华的分析。

Professor Wu Xinghua, a poet and scholar who died young, reviewed and translated the works of two important playwrights of the Elizabethan era, Marlow and Shakespeare. Wu＇s works were important academic achievements in British and American literature studies of the ＂Seventeen Years＂ period. Among these works, the long essay The Merchant of Venice： Conflict and Solution published in Literary Review in 1963 was a representative one and was exemplary in Shakespearean studies of the ＂Seventeen Years＂ period. It is also one of the most valuable achievements in the literary theory studies of the period. My article reviewed Wu Xinghua＇s special paradigm of the study of The Merchant of Venice, elaborated the research method of revealing the playwright＇s intentions and values through observing the modifications of the writing materials, the structure of the script and the development of the plot, and recognized his research orientation of placing historical totality-text analysis and original works positivism in the core position. Besides, my article attempts to expand the depth of Wu Xinghua＇s analysis by applying the theories of disenchantment and reenchantment.