黄芪、甘草和茯苓对施氏鲟热应激状态下生长及血液生化指标的影响

Effects of Chinese Herb Medicines Astragalus mongholicus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Poria cocos on Growth and Blood Biochemical Indices of Amur Sturgeon Under Heat Stress

给体质量为0.09~0.10 kg的1^+龄施氏鲟Acipenser schrencki分别按照0.3g/kg、0.24g/kg和0.3g/kg体质量的剂量每日口灌黄芪Astragalus mongholicus、甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis或茯苓Poria cocos水煎剂一次,连续给药21d,对照组鱼口灌蒸馏水。停药24h后每组取15尾施氏鲟放入30℃控温水族箱中热刺激2h,然后与22℃正常水温下饲养的施氏鲟一同尾静脉采血,测定施氏鲟的体质量与血清中碱性磷酸酶等酶的活性及总胆红素、甘油三脂等活性物质的含量,研究单方中草药黄芪、甘草或茯苓对施氏鲟生长性能及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:施氏鲟血清中谷丙转氨酶活性甘草常温组最高[(133.25±64.36)IU/L],对照高温组最低[(68.25±29.33)IU/L];谷草转氨酶活性对照高温组最高[(1 176.67±245.42)IU/L],黄芪常温组与高温组均显著低于对照高温组(P<0.05)。这三种中药单方可促进施氏鲟的生长,甘草和茯苓在促进施氏鲟机体代谢方面有一定作用,热应激状态下黄芪保护了鱼体肝肾免受损伤。黄芪催化血清中的尿酸含量显著升高,显示出保护鱼体心血管的作用。

Juvenile Amur sturgeon A cipenser schrenckii with body weight of （0.09 - 0.10 ） kg were administrated orally by Chinese herbal medicine decoction ofAstragalus mongholicus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis or Poria cocos at a dose 0.3 g/kg body weight, 0.24 g/kg body weight and 0.3 g/kg body weight per day for 21 days, and the Amur sturgeon in the control group was given oral administration of distilled water. Then body weight, activities of enzymes related to immune such as activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, and glutamic- oxaloacetic transaminase （GOT） and levels of total bilirubin, triglyceride and other active substances were determined in serum sampled by caudal veins from 24 h post withdrawal Amur sturgeon exposed to 30~C heat stimu- lation for 2 h to evaluate the effects of Chinese herb Medicines on growth and blood biochemical indices of Amur sturgeon under heat stress. The maximal AST activity [（ 133.25 ＋ 64.36 ） 1U/L] was found in the serum of Amur sturgeon with oral administration of Gly- cyrrhiza uralensis exposed to normal water temperature, and the minimal AST activity [（68.25＋29.33） IU/L] was observed in the serum of Amur sturgeon in high water temperature control group. The maximal GOT activity[ （ 1 176.67 ± 245.42 ） IU/L] was found in the serum of Amur sturgeon in high water temperature control group, significantly higher than that in the serum of Amur sturgeon with oral administration ofAstragalus mongholicus exposed to normal water temperature and high water temperature （P 〈 0.05 ）. The results showed that the better growth was observed in the fish treated by the three Chinese medicines, and that the metabolism of Amur sturgeon was promoted by Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Poria cocos. Astragalus mongholicus promoted the rapid response of the fish to heat stress and protected the liver, kidney and cardiovascular from injury due to significant increase in serum uric acid level.