碑坝河鱼类资源的调查及建设电站的影响

Survey on Fish Resources and Influence of Hydropower Construction in Beiba River

2016年4月和2017年4月,在已建和在建电站就近100m河段,用电捕器捕鱼和渔获物统计的方法,两次调查碑坝河鱼类资源,分析建设电站对鱼类资源的影响。结果共发现鱼类12种,隶属2目4科12属,其中鲤形目2科10属10种,占总种数83.3%;鲇形目2科2属2种,占总种数16.7%。鱼类群落优势种有棒花鮈Gobio rivuloides、短须颌须鮈Gnathopogon imberbis、宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus和马口鱼Opsariichthys bidens4种,稀有种有白甲鱼Onychostoma sima和齐口裂腹鱼Schizothorax prenanti 2种。鱼类的生态习性分析表明,大坝建设阻断河流,导致生境破碎化,运行的三座梯级电站造成碑坝河鱼类资源下降,在建和待建的两座电站运行后可能进一步带来不利影响。

The fish stocks in Beiba River in Shaanxi province were surveyed nearby 100 m from built and building hydropower sta- tions in April of 2016 and 2017 by electricity trap fishing and catch statistics to evaluate the effects of hydropower station on fish re- sources in Beiba River. Twelve species of fish were found, belonging to 2 orders, 4 families and 12 genera, including 2 families, 10 genera and 10 species, in order Cypriniformes, accounting for 83.3% in the total species, and 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species in order Siluriformes, accounting for 16.7%. There were 4 dominant species, gudgeon Gobio rivuloides, shortbarbel gudgeon Gnathopogon im- berbis, pale chub Zacco platypus and Opsariichthys bidens, and 2 rare species Onychostoma sima and Prenant＇s schizothoracin Schizothorax prenanti. According to the ecological habit of the fish, the influence of hydropower projects on fishes in Beiba River is evaluated, and countermeasures and suggestions for protection of fish stocks are put forward. The authors proposed that dams block the Beiba River and lead to habitat fragmentation. The three running hydropower stations had reduced the fish resources in Beiba River, and the other building two ones will probably further decrease the fish resources in the river.