郑樵文献辨伪的原则与特点

The Principles and Characteristics of Zheng Qiao's Literature Discrimination

[目的 /意义]郑樵所编撰的我国历史上一部通史巨著——《通志》中汇集了大量文献辨伪方面的知识,研究《通志》中所体现的文献辨伪的原则与特点,可为当今文献辨伪工作的丰富与发展提供借鉴意义。[方法 /过程]通过对《通志》"校雠略"中郑樵关于文献目录、辨伪理论等文献鉴辨成果的分析,总结出郑樵在鉴辨文献时始终遵循的一些基本原则和特点。[结果 /结论 ]郑樵的文献辨伪理论与实践中贯穿着"孤证不立"、"信以存信"、"端正考风"的辨伪原则,其文献辨伪具有实事求是的精神,无成见,不讥评。其辨伪工作体现四个显著特点:善于总结伪说的形成规律、注重运用历史主义方法、注重"明文字"与"明六经"、坚守求真尚实的科学态度。

[Purpose/significance]Tong Zhi （ General Annals） , written by Zheng Qiao, is a famous Chinese ancient book in the history of our country and is rich in the knowledge about literature discrimination. Study of its principles and characteristics will provide reference for the enrichment and development of today’s literature discrimination work. [Method/process]The present article tries to summarize the principles and characteristics of Zheng Qiao’s literature discrimination by analyzing the texts in the “Colation Study” part of Tong Zhi concerning bibiliography and discrimination theories. [Result/conclusion]It is found that Zheng Qiao’s theories and practice about literature discrimination had some principles such as “adequate evidence”, “insisting on his own ideas” and “correcting the attitude of discrimination”. He always held the spirit about seeking truth from facts, and his literature discrimination showed distinctive characteristics, which are being good at summarizing laws about the form of counterfeit literature and forming laws, paying attention to the use of historicism method, emphasizing the importance about “knowing the meaning of words and Confucian classics” and finally insisting on scientific attitude about seeking truth from facts.