包头市不同饲养方式下牛源沙门氏菌的耐药性

Research on drug resistance of Salmonella isolates from cows under different rearing methods

目的:了解包头市不同饲养方式下牛源沙门氏菌的耐药性特性,为兽医临床合理用药提供指导。方法:采用完全随机抽样的方法抽取包头市散养牛87头、家中圈养牛96头、养牛场集中饲养牛134头,共计317头。用棉拭子采集牛直肠粪便样本进行沙门氏菌分离、药物敏感试验。结果:分离出的30株沙门氏菌对7种药物的耐药率从高到低为美罗培南(76.67%)、头孢西丁(56.67%)、氨曲南(53.33%)、头孢噻肟(10.00%)、氨苄西林(3.33%)、哌拉西林(0.00%)、头孢比肟(0.00%)。散养牛组耐药菌谱为美罗培南(50.00%)、头孢噻肟(25.00%);家中圈养牛组耐药菌谱为头孢西丁(100.00%)、美罗培南(100.00%)、氨曲南(35.29%);奶牛场集中饲养牛组耐药菌谱为氨曲南(100.00%)、美罗培南(44.44%)、头孢噻肟(22.22%)。不同饲养方式下沙门氏菌的多重耐药情况不同,同时对4种受试药物耐药的菌株有2株,四重耐药率为6.67%;同时对3种受试药物耐药的菌株有21株,三重耐药率为70.00%;同时对2种受试药物耐药的菌株有4株,两重耐药率为13.33%。结论:包头市牛源性沙门菌对临床常用抗生素耐药性较严重,不同饲养方式下牛源沙门氏菌的耐药情况不同,应引起有关部门的高度认识。

Objective：To investigate the characteristics of drug resistance of Salmonella isolates from cows under different rearing methods and provide references for rational administration in veterinary clinic.Methods：A sample of 317 cows,including 87 free-ranging cows,96 captive breeding cows and 134 farm cows,were randomly selected in Baotou.Rectal stool specimens of cows were collected with cotton swab for separation and drug sensitivity test.Results：The drug resistance rates of 30 strains of Salmonella isolates from 7 kinds of drugs were studied.The rate of drug resistance ranged from high to low were Meropenem（76.67 %）,Cefoxitin（56.67 %）,Aztreonam（53.33 %）,Cefotaxime（10.00 %）,Ampicillin（3.33 %）,Piperacillin（0.00 %） and Cefepime（0.00 %）.The drug resistant spectrum of free-ranging cows were Meropenem（50.00 %） and Cefotaxime（25.00 %）;captive breeding cows were Cefoxitin（100.00 %）,Meropenem（100.00 %） and Aztreonam（35.29 %）;farm cows were Aztreonam（100.00 %）,Meropenem（44.44 %） and Cefotaxime（22.22 %）.The multidrug resistance in the different rearing methods was different.2 strains of Salmonella isolates were simultaneously resistant to 4 categories antibiotics and the multi-resistance rate was 6.67%.21 strains of Salmonella isolates were simultaneously resistant to 3 categories antibiotics and the multi-resistance rate was 70 %.4 strains of Salmonella isolates were simultaneously resistant to 2 categories antibiotics and the multi-resistance rate was 13.33 %.Conclusion：The current situation of the drug resistance of the salmonella isolates from cows to the commonly used antimicrobial agents was serious in veterinary clinic of Baotou,and the drug resistance of Salmonella isolates from Cows under different rearing methods was different.They should be highly recognized by the departments concerned.