湘西州农村土家族、苗族6～11岁小学生忽视状况分析

Status quo of child neglect among Tujia and Miao pupils aged 6-11 years in rural Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture

目的了解湘西州农村土家族、苗族6~11岁小学生忽视状况。方法于2015年9—11月从湘西土家族苗族自治州2个县中抽取4所农村小学1 162名土家族和苗族学生,采用中国农村6~11岁小学生忽视评价常模中的量表和方法进行问卷调查,通过忽视率和忽视度反映儿童受忽视的频度和强度。结果土家族与苗族6~11岁小学生总忽视率为53.79%,男生(57.36%)高于女生(50.00%)(χ~2=6.322,P=0.012),苗族学生(64.76%)高于土家族学生(47.17%)(χ~2=33.929,P=0.000);总忽视度为(49.70±9.76),男生(50.85±9.84)高于女生(48.47±9.52)(t=4.184,P=0.000),苗族学生(51.93±10.03)高于土家族学生(48.35±9.34)(t=6.156,P=0.000),留守学生(50.29±9.67)高于非留守学生(49.10±9.82)(t=2.071,P=0.039)。医疗、教育、安全层面忽视率以及各层面忽视度男生均高于女生;各层面忽视率及忽视度苗族学生均高于土家族;身体、医疗层面忽视率以及社会层面忽视度6~8岁组学生均高于9~11岁组,情感层面忽视率、忽视度以及教育层面忽视率9~11岁组学生高于6~8岁组;身体、医疗层面忽视度留守学生均高于非留守学生,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。土家族与苗族6~11岁小学生以单项忽视为主,发生率为19.02%,构成比为35.36%;同时受到≥2项忽视的比率逐步减小。结论湘西州农村土家族、苗族6~11岁小学生忽视状况严重,应加强对农村土家族、苗族小学生家长的宣传教育,提高其对忽视问题的认识,重点关注男生、苗族以及留守学生。

Objective To examine the status of child neglect among Tujia and Miao pupils at ages of 6 to 11 years in rural areas of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture in western Hunan province.Methods A total of 1 162 pupils in four primary schools in rural areas of two counties of Xiangxi Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture were selected and surveyed with Neglect Normative Evaluation Scale for Chinese Rural Pupils of 6-11 Years Old between September to November 2015. Neglect rate and neglect degree were adopted to describe the situation of child neglect among the participants.Results The total neglect rate among the pupils was 53.79%; the neglect rate was significantly higher among the boy pupils than among the girl pupils （57.36% vs. 50.00%, χ2 = 6.322; P = 0.012） and significantly higher among the Miao pupils than among the Tujia pupils （64.76% vs. 47.17%, χ2 = 33.929; P = 0.000）. Among all the pupils, the overall neglect degree was 49.70 ± 9.76; the neglect degree was significantly higher among the boy pupils than among the girl pupils （50.85 ± 9.84 vs. 48.47 ± 9.52, t = 4.184; P = 0.000） and significantly higher among the Miao pupils than among the Tujia pupils （51.93 ± 10.03 vs. 48.35 ± 9.34, t = 6.156; P = 0.000）, and the neglect degree was significantly higher among the left-behind pupils than among the non-left-behind pupils （50.29 ± 9.67 vs. 49.10 ± 9.82, t = 2.071; P = 0.039）. Both the rate and degree of medication, education, and security neglect were higher among the boy pupils than among the girl pupils and higher among the Miao pupils than among the Tujia pupils. The rate of physical and medication neglect and the degree of social neglect were higher among the pupils aged 6-8 years than among the pupils at the ages of 9-11 years; whereas the rate of emotional and education neglect and the degree of emotional neglect were higher among the pupils aged 9-11 years than among those aged 6-8 years; the degree of physical and medication neglect were significantly higher among the left-behind pupils than among the non-left-behind pupils （P 〈 0.05 for all）. Among the pupils with child neglect, one term neglect was a major type, which was reported by 19.02% of neglect sufferers and accounted for 35.36% of all the neglect reports; the proportion of child neglect sufferers declined with the increment of neglect terms reported.Conclusion Child neglect is serious among Tujia and Miao pupils at ages of 6 to 11 years in rural areas of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, suggesting that education on child neglect needs to be promoted among the pupils and their parents, especially among the boy pupils, Tujia pupils, and left-behind pupils.