广西农村家庭饮水行为现状及影响因素分析

Status and influential factors of drinking water behavior in rural households of Guanxi

目的了解农村家庭饮水行为现状及影响因素,探讨除烧开水以外有效的饮用水处理方法。方法通过面对面问卷调查方式,于2013—2014年对广西2个县的450户家庭进行调查,收集十类与农村家庭饮用水相关的指标情况,多因素logistic回归分析农村家庭饮用水行为的影响因素。结果调查的450户农村家庭中,47.5%的家庭烧开水,35%喝桶装水,17.5%喝生水。A县喝开水率显著高于B县(χ2=9.547,P=0.002)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,影响农村居民烧开水的因素包括知识水平(OR=0.290,95%CI=0.097~0.865)、污水处理(OR=0.295,95%CI=0.112~0.776)、储存水(OR=0.059,95%CI=0.013~0.269)、喝开水态度(OR=0.001,95%CI=0.000~0.005)。结论农村地区用电水壶烧开水比例不高,存在一定比例的其他燃料烧水、桶装水和生水,且微生物超标较高。

Objective To examine the status and the related factors of drinking water behavior among households in rural areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region （Guangxi） and to explore effective drinking water treatment methods other than water-boiling in rural households. Methods We conducted a face-to-face questionnaire survey among 450 households selected with multi-stage stratified random sampling in two counties of Guangxi between 2013 and 2014. We collected information on 10 aspects related to drinking water treatment. We adopted multivariate logistic regression to analyze influencing factors of drinking water behavior among the households. Results Of all the households surveyed, 47.5%, 35.0%, and 17.5% reported taking boiled, bottled, and unboiled water as drinking water, respectively. There was a significant difference in the proportion of households taking boiled water as drinking water （χ2 = 9.547, P = 0.002）. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the households with higher level of relevant knowledge （odds ratio [OR] = 0.290, 95% confidence interval[95% CI]：0.097-0.865）, not discharging sewage at will （OR = 0.295, 95% CI：0.112-0.776）, without household water storage （OR = 0.059, 95% CI：0.013-0.269）, and not preferring to drink boiled water （OR = 0.001, 95% CI：0.000-0.005） were more unlikely to take boiled water as drinking water. Conclusion In rural areas of Guangxi, the proportion of households using electric kettle to boil water for drinking is not high and a number of households use fuel-based method to boil drinking water or drink bottled water; some households even drink unboiled water; the over standard rate of microbial indicators is relatively high for samples of the drinking water for the households.