济宁市2011—2015年狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of population with rabies-related exposure in Jining city,2011-2015

目的了解山东省济宁市狂犬病暴露人群暴露流行病学特征及暴露后处置情况,为狂犬病防控提供科学参考依据。方法收集2011—2015年济宁市狂犬病暴露登记资料进行统计分析。结果 2011—2015年共接诊狂犬病暴露病例221 272例,性别比为1.49:1,0~14岁儿童最多,占32.71%;各月均有暴露者发生,7—8月为高峰,占22.51%;致伤动物以犬类为最多,占83.92%;暴露者到狂犬病处置门诊处理为主,占79.22%,全程接种人用狂犬病疫苗的145 092例,占Ⅱ、Ⅲ级暴露的72.16%,注射过狂犬病被动免疫制剂的12 783例,占Ⅲ级暴露的18.6%。结论济宁市群众对狂犬病防控知识缺乏,狂犬病暴露规范处置率较低,应加强狂犬病监测和健康教育,提高狂犬病防治知识。

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of people with rabies-related exposure and the current status of prophylaxis for rabies-related exposure in Jining city, and to provide a basis for effective control of the disease.Methods The data on people with rabies-related exposure experience from 2011 through 2015 were collected and analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 221 272 people were registered for clinic visiting due to rabies-related exposure during the 5-year period in Jining city, with a male to female ratio of 1.49：1. Of the people with the exposure, 32.71% were aged 0-14 years. Although the exposures occurred in all months but 22.51% occurred between July and August in a year.The most （83.92%） of the rabies-related exposures reported were dog related injury. Of the people experiencing rabies-related exposure, 79.22% had post-exposure treatment in clinics; of the people with the exposure of grade II or III, 72.16% （145 092） received full course of rabies vaccine inoculation; and of the people experiencing the exposure of grade III, 18.6% （12 783） were administered with passive immunization.Conclusion The residents are lack of knowledge about rabies prevention and control and the post-exposure treatment rate is relatively low among the people with rabies-related exposure in Jining city.The results suggest that health education and surveillance on rabies need to be promoted among the population.