广州市学校环境金黄色葡萄球菌耐药谱分析

Drug resistance spectrum of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in school environments in Guangzhou city

目的探究广州市小学学校环境金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药谱。方法于2016年4—6月采集广州市6所小学的课室、厕所、走廊或楼梯的环境样品共1 040份,分离检测金黄色葡萄球菌并进行药物敏感试验。结果共分离鉴定出98株环境金黄色葡萄球菌。多重耐药率达88.78%(87/98),对青霉素的耐药率最高(97.96%,96/98),其次是红霉素(89.80%,88/98)和替考拉宁(88.78%,87/98)。共36株(36.73%)甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌,其多重耐药率和对6种抗生素(头孢西丁、利奈唑胺、红霉素、莫西沙星、利福平、四环素及克林霉素)的耐药率均高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(P<0.05)。结论小学环境金黄色葡萄球菌的多重耐药率高,对多种抗生素耐药,并且甲氧西林耐药菌株的耐药问题比甲氧西林敏感菌株更严峻。

Objective To analyze ch^ug resistant spectrum of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in primary school environment in Guangzhou city. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using disk diffusion method for Staphylococcus aureus strains identified and isolated from 1 040 environmental samples collected in classrooms, toilets, corridors or staircases in 6 primary schools in Guangzhou city from April to June 2016. Results A total of 98 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. For the Staphylococcus aureus isolates, the multi-drug resistant rate was 88.78 % （87/98） and the penicillin-resistance rate （97.96 %, 96/98） was the highest, followed by erythromycin-resistance （89.80 %, 88/98） and teicoplanin-resistance （88.78%, 87/98）. Thirty six strains （36.73 %） were identified as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the strains showed higher multi-drug resistant rate and resistance rate to 6 antibiotics （cefoxitin, linezolid, erythromycin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and clindamycin） than the methicillin-susceptive Staphylococcus aureus strains （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Environmental Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in primary school environment showed high multi-drug resistant rate and severe resistance to several antibiotics. Moreover, the drug-resistance of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains is much more critical than that of methicillin-susceptive Staphylococcus aureus.