沈阳浑南区2012—2016年肺结核流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Hunnan district of Shenyang municipality,Liaoning province:2012-2016

目的了解辽宁省沈阳市浑南区2012—2016年肺结核病流行病学特征,发现浑南区肺结核病重点防治区域及防治人群,为制定结核病防治策略和确定防范重点提供依据。方法对沈阳市浑南区2012—2016年肺结核资料进行分析,利用χ2检验验证不同年份和不同性别间肺结核发病差异。结果 2012—2016年沈阳市浑南区共报告肺结核病例1 088例,年均发病率为48.65/10万,总体呈下降趋势;2012—2016年各年发病率分别为72.34/10万、53.81/10万、37.70/10万、40.12/10万、39.26/10万,各年发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=80.049,P<0.001);男女性年均发病率分别为95.76/10万、39.30/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=193.865,P<0.001);发病年龄主要集中在20~29岁,占22.98%;职业因素中,病例集中在前3位的分别为家务及待业、农民和学生,分别占45.04%、30.51%、12.87%,共占总发病人数的88.42%;病例多集中在人口密集地区,首位的是五三街道(24.17%)。结论2012—2016年沈阳市浑南区结核病呈下降趋势。发病的重点人群集中在20~29岁、男性、家务及待业群体,且病例在五三街道分布较多,应针对以上三间分布特征采取针对措施。

Objective To examine epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Hunnan district of Shenyang municipality between 2012-2016 and to identify key areas and populations for prevention of the disease. Methods Data on reported tuberculosis patients in Hunnan district between 2012 and 2016 were extracted from National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and chi-squre test was adopted to analyze yearly and gender difference in tuberculosis incidence. Results During the 5-year period, totally 1 088 tuberculosis cases were reported and the average annual incidence rate was 48.65/100 000; the annual tuberculosis incidence rate was 72.34, 53.8, 37.70, 40.12, and 39.26 per 100 000 population, with a significant yearly difference （χ2 = 80.049, P 〈 0.001） and a downward trend. The mean annual incidence rate of the males was significantly higher that of the females （95.76/100 000 vs. 39.30/100 000, χ2 = 193.865; P 〈 0.001）. Of the reported cases, 22.98% were at the ages of 20-29 years; 45.04%, 30.51%, and 12.87% were house worker or the unemployed, farmer, and student, accounting for 88.42% of the total cases. More cases occurred in densely inhabited areas and 24.17% of the cases were of the same registered community address （Wusan Community）.Conclusion The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Hunnan district of Shenyang municipality declined during 2012-2016. More reported cases were male, aged 20-29 years, being house workers or the employed, and living in densely inhabited areas.