意念-行为框架下的自杀三阶段理论

Three-Step Theory of Suicide Based on the Ideation-to-action Framework

传统自杀研究将自杀行为视为整体单一的结构,把自杀意念和自杀尝试的影响因素混为一谈,未对自杀意念和自杀尝试的不同预测因素进行区分。意念-行为框架则把自杀意念的发展过程和从自杀意念到自杀尝试的转变过程看作不同的现象,对两者的预测因素和解释因素进行了区分。自杀三阶段理论是该框架下的代表性理论之一。本文从自杀三阶段理论的提出背景、理论内容和未来展望三方面进行简要介绍,旨在加深对自杀三阶段理论的理解,推动意念-行为框架下自杀心理学理论的发展,为进一步完善和丰富自杀三阶段理论提出可能的方向。

The traditional suicide approach treats suicide behavior as a unitary construct, having conflated the question of why people feel suicidal with the question of why people act on suicidal thoughts without differentiating the predictors of ideation with the predictors of the progression from ideation to attempts. The ideation-to-action framework views the devel- opment of suicide ideation and the progression from ideation to attempts as distinct processes with distinct explanations and predictors. The Three-Step Theory （3ST） is one of the representative theories based on the framework. In this review, the proposed background, the theoretical content and future prospects of the 3ST will be systematically introduced. The aim is to acquire a better understanding of the 3ST and promote the development of psychological theory based on the ideation-to- action framework.