反义词共现构式“X的Y的”的句法语义研究

A Study on Syntactic and Semantic Features of Chinese Antonym Co-occurrence Construction X de Y de

反义词共现构式"X的Y的"是现代汉语中比较独特的一种语言现象。基于语料库对该构式的组构成分、句法特征及语义进行详细描写和分析,可以发现进入该构式的可变量"X"和"Y"主要是反义形容词、动词、名词和代词;该构式在句中主要充当主语、定语、宾语等句法成分;该构式有加合义、周遍义和选择义三种语义。加合义是该构式的基本义,周遍义是"部分代整体"转喻作用的结果,选择义则受句法环境压制使然。

Antonym co-occurrence construction X de Y de is a unique linguistic phenomenon in modern Chinese. Based on the corpus,this paper makes a detailed description and analysis of the constituents,syntactic features and semantic meanings of the construction. The research shows that the variables X and Y in this construction are mainly anonymous adjectives,verbs,nouns and pronouns,and the construction X de Y de primarily acts as subject,attributive,object and other syntactic components in the sentences. The study also addresses the semantic meaning of the construction X de Y de. It is found that it has three types of meanings：additive meaning,universal meaning and selective meaning. The further analysis demonstrates that additive meaning is the basic meaning of the construction,universal meaning is attributed to the metonymy PART FOR WHOLE,and the selective meaning is coerced by the syntactic structures.