政治文化视野下的汉代贵族乐府——以《郊祀歌》和《铙歌》为中心

The Noble Yuefu of the Han Dynasty from the Perspective of Political Culture——With focus on Jiaosi Songs and Nao Songs

在汉初三大乐章中,《郊祀歌》和《铙歌》是武帝、昭帝、宣帝时期产生的贵族乐府,在创作时间上晚于高祖、惠帝时期的《安世房中歌》。西汉中期形成了以儒学为理论基础、以奉天法古为核心思想的"汉道"。作为汉朝治国治天下之道,"汉道"体现于帝国政治文化的方方面面。《郊祀歌》和《铙歌》里强烈的神仙信仰和对天人感应思想的崇信,以及"太平"之世治夷狄的理念,都与"汉道"息息相关。

In the three great movements of the early Han Dynasty, Jiaosi Songs and Nao Songs are the songs of the noble Yuefu, which emerged in the period of Emperor Wu, Emperor Zhao, Emperor Xuan Emperors and they were later than Anshifangzhong Songs in Emperor Gao and Emperor Hui＇ s period. In the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, Han Dao, which is based on the theory of Confucianism and with the main thought of conforming to the will of heaven and imitating the ancient, emerged. As the way of the Han Dynasty to rule the country and its people, Han Dao is reflected in every aspect of the political culture of the empire. The strong belief in supernatural beings and humankind being an integral part of nature in Jiaosi Songs and Nao Songs and the adoration of the response between heaven and human beings, and the thought of governing a society with peace and tranquility （Taiping） to rule the barbarians are irrevocably linked with Han Dao.