粮食中隐蔽型真菌毒素污染的研究进展

Research advance of masked mycotoxins contaminated in grains

真菌毒素污染是影响全球食品安全问题的重要因素之一。真菌毒素是真菌产生的次级代谢产物,对人体、动植物皆可产生危害。自然条件下,真菌毒素分子可与葡萄糖、丙二酸或谷胱甘肽等极性较强的基团结合,生成结合型真菌毒素。由于毒素结构发生改变,现有的常规检测手段不能有效地检测其存在,因此称其为隐蔽型真菌毒素(masked mycotoxins)。已有文献报道,隐蔽型真菌毒素往往与其原型同时存在于粮食中,而隐蔽型毒素在进入人和动物体内后,经水解、氧化还原等代谢过程,可释放出有毒的毒素原型分子,给食品安全、人和动物健康造成严重隐患。因此对隐蔽型真菌毒素的形成机制、污染状况和毒理研究应尽快展开。本文综述了国内外近几年以来几种常见隐蔽型真菌毒素的最新研究进展,为隐蔽型真菌毒素的研究提供有价值的参考。

Mycotoxin contamination is one of the most important factors affecting global food safety. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, which can cause harm to human body, animals and plants. Under natural conditions, mycotoxin molecules can be combined with strong groups such as glucose, malonic acid or glutathione to form the conjugated mycotoxins. Due to the changes of mycotoxins structures, the conventional analytical methods could not effectively detect their existence, so they were called masked mycotoxins. It has been reported that masked mycotoxins are frequently concurrence with their parental mycotoxins in real grains. When the masked mycotoxins enter human and animal body, after hydrolysis, oxidative reduction and other metabolic process, can release poisonous toxin prototype molecule, which have serious risks to food safety, human and animal health.Therefore, the formation mechanism, pollution status and toxicological research of masked mycotoxins should be carried out as soon as possible. In this paper, recent advances in several common types of masked mycotoxins have been reviewed, which provides valuable references for the research of masked mycotoxins.