岩溶隧道突涌水致灾构造与前兆信息判识技术探讨

Identification of Geological Structures and Precursory Information Likely to Cause Water Inflow in Karst Tunnels

隧道突水突泥等地质灾害的发生具有一定的孕灾环境,灾害发生前往往表现出一定的前兆信息。文章基于工程实践、案例调研和理论分析,系统研究了岩溶隧道突涌水灾害源赋存规律,确定了突涌水灾害发生条件(有压含水构造、运移通道和外界干扰)的内在含义,将突涌水灾害划分为:断层破碎带突水、溶腔溶潭突水、富水裂隙突水、可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带突水、地下暗河及岩溶管道突水。通过对突涌水灾害源地质前兆信息和地球物理场前兆信息的研究,建立了突涌水灾害综合前兆信息判识体系,并成功应用于尚家湾隧道,避免了人员伤亡,降低了经济损失。

It is believed that certain potential environment conditions may induce water bursts and mud gushing, and certain precursory information is often noticed before these kinds of geological hazards occur. Based on engineering practice, case investigation and theoretical analysis, this paper systematically studies the occurrence rule of water inflow and mud gushing in karst tunnels, determines the inherent meaning of occurrence conditions （e.g., a water-bearing structure with pressure, a migration pathway and an external disturbance）, divides them into five types of water inflow： water inflow in a fault fracture zone, water inflow in a karst cavity and pond, water inflow in a water- rich fracture, water inflow in contact zone between soluble and dissoluble rock layers, water inflow in an underground river and a karst conduit. By studying the geological and geophysical precursors to water inflow and water bursts, a comprehensive precursory information identification system is established for water inflow and water bursts and is successfully applied in the Shangjiawan Tunnel, avoiding casualties and reducing economic loss.