窦汉卿针灸理论与儒家理学关系初探

The relationship between acupuncture-moxibustion theory of DOU Hanqing and NeoConfucianism

为寻找金元针灸医家窦汉卿针灸理论产生的因素,笔者通过医学史和科技哲学的学习,对窦汉卿生平、其针灸理论和文化背景进行探索及梳理,发现程朱理学是窦汉卿主要的理学来源,窦汉卿通过程朱理学的学习与践行,不仅对其人性精神、道德修养与政治才能进行充实、丰富与提高,使其成为金元之际理学大儒之一,也对他的医德、医术和针灸医学理论进行了塑造与锤炼。程朱理学对儒家经典的继承、发展和体用,为窦汉卿解读针灸经典、总结师传经验进而形成其针灸理论体系,提供了最为根本的哲学思想指导和研究模式、研究方法的范本。窦汉卿以针灸医学为程朱理学格物致知之一道,故可在针灸实践与理论中达到一个新的层次与高度。

For the construction factors of acupuncture-moxibustion theory of DOU Hanqing, a doctor in Jin-Yuan Dynasty, we studied his life, acupuncture-moxibustion theory and culture background in the History of Medicine and Philosophy of Science Technology. It was found that the major source of DOU Hanqing＇ s Confucianism was the CHENG-ZHU Neo-Confucianism. The data show that Neo-Confucianism played an important role in the enrichment of his human nature, spirit, moral cultivation and political talent, making him a scholar in the Jin-Yuan dynasty, also shaping his medical ethics, medical skill and acupuncture-moxibustion theory. The inheritance, development and application of CHENG-ZHU Neo-Confucianism provided the most fundamental thinking, research methods and patterns for DOU Hanqing to interpret the acupuncture classics, summarize his teachers＇ experience and develop his theoretical system. DOU Hanqing＇ s acupuncture-moxibustion practice and theory reached a new level, because he took acupuncture-moxibustion as one of the knowledge investigation and attainment of CHENG-ZHU Neo-Confucianism.