马克思恩格斯人的自由发展思想研究

Research on Marx and Engels' Thought of Free Development

人的自由发展贯穿马克思恩格斯思想发展的全过程,是马克思主义的核心观点。自由具有日常用语、身份认定、制度意义、科学与哲学四个层面的含义。马克思恩格斯在其文本中具体是在哪个层面上使用自由一词,要看其具体语境。马克思恩格斯人的自由发展思想经历了三个阶段:主张人的自由意识的黑格尔唯心主义和革命民主主义阶段,主张费尔巴哈的人的自由本质的异化、复归的人本主义向唯物主义和共产主义转变阶段,历史唯物主义和共产主义的人的自由发展思想阶段。

Human free development runs through the whole process of the development of Marx and Engels＇ thought, which is the core of Marxism. Freedom has four meanings： everyday language, identification, institutional meaning, science and philosophy. In Marx and Engels＇ thought, in which the word ＂freedom＂ is used at the specific level, depends on its specific context. Marx and Engels＇ free development has experienced three stages： consciousness advocates free Hagel idealism and democratic revolution stage, alienation and reversion of the essence of freedom advocate Feuerbach＇s humanism to materialism and communism transition stage, stage of free development thought of historical materialism and communism people.