马克思以人为本的生产力观及现实意义

Marx's Concept of Human Centered Productivity and Its Practical Significance

生产力是主体与客体相互作用中不断生成与确证的人的本质。经过在社会横向上个体对类本质不断占有的拓展,以及在历史纵向上劳动从物质手段向精神实现转变的拓展,生产力发展与人的全面而自由发展最终将实现统一。资本增殖机制使人对自然只在效用属性上片面张扬主体性而出现生态危机。这种片面张扬的主体性在社会横向上表现为生产力发展与个体限定悖论,在历史纵向上表现为物质资料生产扩大与人的物化悖论。市场经济已进入智力生产阶段,将拓宽马克思生产力与人发展的新视阈。但资本主义生产从相对过剩演化为绝对过剩,无法使智力生产阶段的市场经济充分发展。社会主义市场经济的制度优势不仅在于实现共同富裕,更在于打破资本限定使人在智力生产中实现全面而自由发展。

Productivity is the human essence which is constantly generating and corroborating in the interaction between subject and object; after the society horizontal expanding that individual constantly possessing human essence, and historical vertical expanding that labor shifting from a living means to a spiritual one, productivity and human overall free development will achieve unity. The mechanism of capital multiplication makes people only publicize one-sided subjectivity and ecological crisis, presenting as a paradox of productivity development and individual limitation and a paradox of material expansion and human materialization. Market economy has entered the stage of intellectual production, which will broaden the new visual threshold of Marx＇s theory of productivity and human developments. However, capitalism has evolved from relative surplus to absolute surplus, which cannot make the intellectual production market economy fully developed. The institutional advantage of the socialist market economy lies not only in realizing the common prosperity, but also in breaking the capital limits so that people can achieve a comprehensive and free development in intellectual production.