教育资本:定义、模型与运作分析

Educational Capital:Analysis of Definition,Model and Operation

在现代社会中,教育系统与社会结构再生产的关系日益紧密。其中,教育资本发挥着重要作用。教育资本可被定义为依托教育关系,在长期教育过程中将教育内容、观念与能力等转化为学习者教育收益的资本。教育资本的内容要素在家庭与学校两个场域,根据其可获得性与需求性分为基础层级、拓展层级与进步层级三个层级。教育资本的运作是通过在家庭与学校中实现教育资本积累与生产,并在进入劳动力市场后与社会资本、文化资本、经济资本等实现转换。当现代教育与劳动力市场联系紧密,当学校教育资源不平等联合家庭社会经济资源不平等时,教育资本功能实现将更加依赖于既定的社会分层结构,并再生产既定的社会分层结构。

In the modern society, the education system and social structure reproduction increasingly become closely related. Educational capital, among others, plays a very important role. Educational capital can be defined as a capital relying on the educational relationship, which converts the educational content, views and ability to the capital for learners~ educational benefit in the long run. Educational capital covers family and school fields. According to the availability and demand, there are three levels of educational capital, namely, the basic level, expanding level and progressive level. The operation of educational capital realizes the accumulation and production of educational capital in schools and families; and after entering into the labor market, educational capital converts into social capital, cultural capital or financial capital etc. When modern education and labor market are closely related and the inequality of school educational resources is associated with the inequality of social and financial capital in families, the realization of the role of educational capital relies more on the existing social stratification, and the capital reproduces the social stratification.