母亲养育方式对流动儿童自我意识的影响——社会期望的中介作用

Effects of Mother's Rearing Style on Migrant Children's Self-concept:The Mediating Role of Social Desire

采用父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)、Piers-Harries儿童自我意识量表、儿童社会期望量表(CSD)对1 426名初中生进行问卷调查,以探讨母亲养育方式对流动儿童自我意识的影响机制。结果表明:流动儿童在母亲情感温暖理解和过分干涉保护上得分低于本地儿童,在母亲拒绝否认和严厉惩罚上得分高于本地儿童;母亲情感温暖理解与流动儿童的社会期望、自我意识存在显著的正相关;母亲拒绝否认和严厉惩罚与流动儿童的社会期望、自我意识存在显著的负相关;社会期望在母亲养育方式和流动儿童自我意识之间起部分中介作用。据此,母亲应当给予流动儿童更多的温暖理解和赞许鼓励,使其体会到来自母亲的积极期望,产生较强烈的被认可的需要,进而提高流动儿童的自我意识水平。

This study, by using EMBU-Chinese version, Children＇s Social Desirable Scale （CSD） and Piers-Harries Children＇s Self-concept Scale, surveyed 1 426 middle school students to explore the effects of different types of mother＇s rearing style on migrant children＇s self-concept. The results are as follows： （1） The migrant children have lower scores than local children on ＂mother＇s emotional warmth and understanding＂ and ＂excessive interference and protection＂, while higher scores on ＂mother＇s refusal, deny and severe punishment＂; （2） mother＇s emotional warmth and understanding has a significant positive correla- tion with migrant children＇s social desire and self-concept; （3） mother＇s refusal, denial and severe punish- ment has a significant negative correlation with migrant children＇s social desire and self-concept; and （4） social desire is a mediating factor between mother＇s parenting style and migrant children＇s self-concept. Based on the results, mothers should give more warm understanding as well as approval and encouragement to migrant children, making them experience positive maternal expectation and generate strong need for recognition and thus improve their self-concept level.