我国民法典物权编占有规则立法研究

A Study on Possession Rule in Property Volume of China's Civil Code Legislation

占有系民法(典)物权编(法)上的一项基础性制度,其于整个物权法、民法乃至全体私法上占据关键地位。我国编纂民法典物权编时应于现行物权法既有规定的基础上对其作较大的建构、厘定、补充及完善,由此以形成我国占有法的规则系统,彰显其系统效应。占有的体例安排应置于物权编之末而予规定。占有规则的设计宜借境域外多数立法成例而作出。占有与占有人的涵义、占有权利与样态的推定、直接占有人、间接占有人与占有辅助人的涵义及其判定、占有的变更、移转、合并与分离、善意、恶意占有人的责任及其与所有人等之间的回复关系、占有人(含占有辅助人)的自力救济权与物上请求权、共同占有及其权利行使、占有的消灭及准占有等,皆应一一加以确立、建构或完善。透过这样的工作和努力,我国的占有法规则系统势可彰显其维系社会的和平与稳定秩序的功用与价值。

Possession rule is a basic system in Property Volume of Civil Code, which occupies a key posi- tion in property law, civil law and all private law. When drafting the Property Volume of Civil Code, possession rule should be built into a larger construction, redefinition, supplement and improvement on the basis of exist- ing property law. Thus the formation of our possession rule system can highlight its system effect. Provisions of possession ought to be placed at the end of the property volume. The design of possession rule should be made with reference to the majority of foreign legislation. The possession rule is supposed to establish, construct or perfect the following matters： the meaning of possession and the person in possession, presumption of posses- sion rights and modalities, connotation and judgement of direct possessor, indirect possessor, auxiliary posses- sor, alteration, transfer, merger and separation of possession, responsibility of the holder in bad faith and its relationship with the owner, self-remedy right and right of real claim of possessor （including the auxiliary pos- sessor） , joint possession and the exercise of right, extinguishment of possession, quasi possession and so on. Through such work and efforts, China＇ s possession system can highlight its ability and value to maintain the so- cial peace and stability of the order.