胎儿生长受限的病因研究进展

Advances in the Etiology of Fetal Growth Restriction

胎儿生长受限(FGR)又称宫内生长受限(IUGR),是指胎儿在母体、胎儿自身以及环境因素影响下未达到其生长潜能,是产科常见疾病之一,也是我国围生儿死亡的主要原因之一。FGR可以引起多种围生儿不良妊娠结局,包括胎儿窘迫、低出生体质量儿、早产等,且与多种远期或成年疾病相关,如代谢综合征、心血管疾病。预防FGR的发生对于提高人口素质有重要意义,但引起FGR的因素众多,主要包括母体因素、胎儿因素及胎盘、脐带因素,各种因素并不只以单一的形式存在,全面了解其发生因素有助于预防该疾病的发生。对FGR的病因进行综述,以期为该疾病的预防提供理论基础。

Fetal growth restriction(FGR), also known as intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR), refers to the fetus under the influence of the mother, itself and the environmental factors and did not reach their growth potential, is one of the common complications of pregnancy in obstetrics and also is the most common causes of perinatal death in China. FGR can cause many perinatal adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal distress, low birth weight, premature birth, etc and is associated with a variety of long-term complications in later life, such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. It is of big significance to prevent FGR to improve the quality of the population. However, there are many factors that contribute to FGR, including maternal factors, fetal factors and placental umbilical cord factors and more factors exist in various forms. A comprehensive understanding of the factors responsible for FGR may help prevent the disease. The etiology of FGR is reviewed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of the disease.