基于洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数的我国卫生资源配置公平性研究

Equity analysis on the health resources allocation in China based on Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient

目的:对国内31个省(直辖市、自治区)卫生资源配置公平性进行评价,为卫生资源的优化配置提供依据。方法:采用描述性分析、洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数方法,分析国内医疗机构、卫生技术人员和床位资源配置地区分布现状和人口公平性。结果:国内医疗卫生资源配置按地区分布存在"东高西低"的现象,卫生机构数、卫生技术人员数和床位数按人口分布的基尼系数分别为0.259、0.253和0.260,公平性较好。结论:东西部地区各省份之间卫生资源配置仍不均衡,但医疗机构、卫生技术人员和床位等主要卫生资源指标配置人口公平性较好,提升医疗机构内涵建设、提高医疗服务质量是优化卫生资源配置的重点。

Objectives： To evaluate the equity of health resources allocation in 31 provinces in China and to provide evidences for health resources optimized allocation. Methods： The distribution equity of population and geography area of health resources in aspects of institutes, health staff and beds was analyzed by Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve. Results： Health resources allocation between areas got the characters of health resources in eastern area is rather richer than that of in western areas. The Gini coefficient of the health care organization＇s total assets, the medical institution, HR resources and hospital beds for fairness of population are 0.259, 0.253 and 0.260 respectively. Conclusions： The allocation of health resources between provinces in eastern and western China is constantly imbalanced. But the health care organization＇s total assets, the medical institution, HR resources and hospital beds are convinced to be fair. The key points of optimizing the allocation of health resources are connotation construction and quality promotion.