贵州五种野山茶种子氨基酸及脂肪酸成分含量的研究

Contents of amino acids and fatty acids in seeds of five wild Camellia species in Guizhou plateau( ⅢD 10 d)

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和氨基酸比值系数法,对贵州五种野山茶种子氨基酸和主要脂肪酸成分含量进行了研究。结果表明:(1)五种野山茶种子中均含有13种氨基酸,不同种类的氨基酸总量差异极显著,必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量的差异显著(P<0.01,P<0.05),且第一限制性氨基酸含量不同;长柱红山茶(Camellia longistyla)和贵州红山茶(C.kweichouensis)的氨基酸总量及人体必需氨基酸含量分别为33.01、13.29和26.33、10.38 mg·g^(-1)。(2)不同种类种子的千粒重、含油率、含水率皆呈显著差异(P<0.01,P<0.05),种子含油率与不饱和脂肪酸含量显著正相关(R=0.556、P<0.05),种子不饱和脂肪酸含量与棕榈酸、饱和脂肪酸含量极显著负相关(R=-0.791,P<0.01;R=-0.776,P<0.01),其中长柱红山茶和贵州红山茶种子的含油率和不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为43.93%、71.89%和43.91%、71.85%。(3)小黄花茶(C.luteoflora)、皱叶瘤果茶(C.rhytidophylla)、贵州红山茶、长柱红山茶、美丽红山茶(C.delicata)所含必需氨基酸与总氨基酸比值分别为44.9、43.3、39.0、40.9、33.8,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值分别为81.6、76.4、64.0、67.4、51.0,除了美丽红山茶的比值系数偏低外,其余4种均达到了WHO/FAO的理想蛋白质标准,种子蛋白质均具有较高的营养价值,其中长柱红山茶和贵州红山茶的种子含油脂质量等级指标接近我国现行茶油标准(GB11765—2003),可以作为重要的优质油茶种质资源加以开发利用。

The contents of amino acids and major fatty acids in the seeds of five wild Camellia species in Guizhou plateau（ ⅢD 10 d） were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography（ HPLC） and amino acid ratio coefficient method. The results were as follows：（ 1） Thirteen kinds of amino acids were checked out in seeds of five wild Camellia species. The total amounts of amino acids were extremely different,and the contents of essential amino acids and non essential amino acids were significantly different（ P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,and the first restriction amino acid content was different. The total amino acid and essential amino acid contents of C. longistyla and C. kweichouensis were respectively33.01,26.33,and 13.29,10.38 mg·g^-1.（ 2） The grain weight,oil content,water content of different seeds showed significant differences. The seed oil content was significantly positively correlated with unsaturated fatty acid content（ R =0.524,P〈0.05）. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds was significantly negatively correlated with the content of palmitic acid and oleic acid（ R =-0.791,P〈0.01; R =-0.776,P〈0.01）. The seed oil rate and the unsaturated fatty acid content of C. longistyla and C. kweichouensis reached 43.93%,71.89% and 43.91%,71.85% respectively.（ 3） The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids of C. luteoflora,C. rhytidophylla,C. kweichouensis,C. longistyla and C. delicata was 44.9,43.3,39.0,40.9,33.8,and the ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids was81.6,76.4,64.0,67.4,51.0 respectively. Except for the low ratio of C. delicata,the other four species reached the ideal protein standard of WHO/FAO,the nutritional value of seed was high. And the seed oil quality of C. longistyla and C. kweichouensis was close to the current oil standard of China（ GB11765-2003）,therefore,the two species can be utilized as important tea oil Camellia species germplasm resources.