四种典型炸药燃烧转爆轰试验研究

Experimental Study of the Deflagration to Detonation Transition for Four Kinds of Typical Explosives

为了对常用组分构成的炸药燃烧转爆轰(DDT)过程进行预估,采用熔铸工艺制备了P1(40%TNT/60%RDX)、P2(40%DNTF/40%HMX/10%TATB/5%Al/5%添加剂)、P3(25%DNTF/40%AP/30%Al/5%添加剂)3种混合炸药,采用浇注工艺制备了P4(30%RDX/30%AP/30%Al/10%添加剂)炸药,用同轴电离探针测试技术对4种炸药进行了DDT试验,从DDT管的破碎状态、DDT过程中波阵面传播速度及爆轰转变距离分析了DDT响应特征。结果表明,炸药P1、P2、P3发生了DDT,爆轰转变距离范围分别为750~825mm、375~450mm、675~750mm,炸药P4未发生DDT;炸药P2的DDT管破裂最剧烈,炸药P3次之,炸药P1最小,表明DDT管的破碎程度与炸药的爆压正相关;炸药配方中含有热分解温度接近的组分,使热分解放热量快速叠加,促使燃烧状态失稳,提高燃烧向爆轰的转变;浇注成型工艺由于存在惰性添加剂对炸药组分的隔离包覆和吸热作用,降低了炸药由燃烧向爆轰转变的可能性。

To estimate the deflagration to detonation transition（DDT）process of explosives composed of common components,three kinds of composite explosives,P1（40% TNT/60% RDX）,P2（40% DNTF/40% HMX/10% TATB/5% Al/5% additives）and P3（25% DNTF/40% AP/30% Al/5% additives）were prepared by melting-casting technology,and explosive P4（30% RDX/30% AP/30% Al/10% additives）was prepared by casting technology.The DDT test for the four kinds of explosives were carried out by the coaxial ionization probe test technology,and the DDT response characteristics of four kinds of explosives were analyzed by the broken status of DDT tube,wave front propagation velocity in the DDT process and detonation transition distance.The results show that the DDT of explosives P1,P2 and P3 takes place and the detonation transition distance is 750-825 mm,375-450 mm and 675-750 mm,respectively,while the DDT of explosive P4 does not take place.For the brokenness of DDT tube,explosive P2 is the most violent,explosive P3 is second and explosive P1 is the smallest,indicating that the broken extent of DDT tube is positive correlation to the detonation pressure of explosive and if the formulation contains the ingredients that the thermal decomposition temperature is approaching,the thermal decomposition energy can be added quickly,and causes the combustion to be unstable,then increases DDT.The casting technology can decrease the possibility of DDT due to the presence of inert additives on the isolation coating and absorption action of explosive components.