农业面源污染的适应性治理:国际经验、限度与路径选择——基于雄安—白洋淀水域的实证考察

Adaptive Governance of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution:International Experience,Limit and Path Selection——Based on Empirical Investigation of Xiong'an-Baiyangdian Watershed

随着农业生产与经营方式不断被解构,农业面源污染已然成为当下生态治理与农业发展的内生性结构障碍。命令型、市场型及公众参与型是发达国家农业面源污染治理的主要实践模式。基于白洋淀水域农业面源生态治理的实证考察发现,基层法律体系的不健全、部门合作协调机制的缺失、公众参与作用的弱化、治理模式的单一化、主体行为利益博弈等治理限度,进一步制约了白洋淀水域农业面源污染治理质量的提升。为此,需要通过健全污染治理的法律体系、建立高效的整体性协调机制、建构广泛的公众参与治理机制、创设主体合作的适应性治理平台、协调多方利益关系并兼顾生态利益等多维度适应性治理路径,以期提高白洋淀水域农业面源污染生态治理质量,最终促进雄安地区农业生产的可持续发展。

With the continuous deconstruction of agricultural production and management, agricultural non-point source pollution has now become an endogenous structural obstacle to ecological management and agricultural development. Command type,market type and public participation type are the main practice modes of agricultural non-point source pollution control in developed countries. Based on the empirical investigation of ecological governance of agricultural non-point source in Baiyangdian Watershed, it is found that the lack of grassroots legal system, the lack of coordination and cooperation mechanisms, the weakening of public participation, the simplification of governance model and the game of dominant behavioral benefits further restrict the improvement of agricultural non-point source pollution adaptive governance. Therefore,it is necessary to establish a highly effective holistic coordination mechanism through sound legal system of pollution control,construct a wide range of public participation in governance mechanism,create an adaptive management platform for the main cooperation,coordinate multi-stakeholder relationship and balance the ecological benefits Governance path, which enables to improve the quality of agricultural non-point source pollution ecological governance and ultimately promote the sustainable development of agricultural production.