《忠义直言》中的“V得X”结构

“V get X” structure in Loyalty and Justice

本文对《忠义直言》中"V得X"的结构进行分析,将"V得X"结构根据"得"的性质划分为"V得O"(即"得"为补语)以及"V得C"(即"得"为结构助词)两大类。"V得O"结构中,"得"前出现了两类动词,即表"取得"义的动词以及表"非取得"义的动词,通过分析描写并结合前人的研究考察此结构的特点以及"得"在结构中的语法化程度。"V得C"结构中出现了结果补语、趋向补语、状态补语以及程度补语结构。其中状态补语结构出现的用例最多,未出现可能补语结构。本文将《忠义直言》中"V得X"结构的上述特点与《水浒传》中的同类结构进行比对,发现本书的"V得X"结构在可能补语的否定式以及状态补语后带宾语的发展中体现出滞后性。

This paper described and analyzed the structure of "V get X" in"Loyalty and Justice",and divided the structure of "V get X" into the two broad categories of "V get O"(that was,"get"as the complement)and"V get C"(that was,"get"as a structural particle) according to the nature of"get". In the structure of"V get O",there were two types of verbs before"get",that was,indicated the verb of"obtaining"and indicated the verb of"non-obtaining",we examined the structure by analyzing and describing and combined the previous studies of the characteristics of the structure and the degree of grammaticalization of"get"in the structure.The result complement,trend complement,state complement and degree complement structure appeared in the"V get C"structure.Among them, the use case of the state complement structure appeared the most,and no possible complement structure appeared.This paper compared the above characteristics of the "V get X" structure in"Loyalty and Justice"with the similar structure in "Outlaws of the Marsh"and found that the "V get X" structure of this book reflected hysteresis in the development of negatives of possible complements and state complement with object.