《吕氏春秋》“知类”问题研究

The Study of Knowing Category in Lv's Commentaries of History

"知类"是指要知晓、懂得"类"的两大主干思维形态——分类思维、比类思维及其相互关系。在《吕氏春秋》中,事、物、言辞、规律等都具有复杂性与迷惑性,这是"知类"问题存在的必要性,而为了破除复杂性与迷惑性所致使的"知类"壁障,《吕氏春秋》提出三大主张:"去宥""别类"和"审察",这是"知类"问题得以解决的方法论保证。有关《吕氏春秋》"知类"问题的考察,对于《吕氏春秋》类思维乃至整个中国"类"思维史的研究都大有裨益。

Knowing category is to understand the main thinking forms-classifying,analogy and their relationships. In Lv＇s Commentaries of History,things,objects,words,rules and other categories all have their complexity and confusion,and this is one of important reason why knowing category exists. In order to break the barriers of complexity and confusion caused by knowing category,there are three major ideas in Lv＇s Commentaries of History： removing prejudice,distinguishing category and scrutinizing,which is the methodological guarantee for solving knowing category problem. The research on knowing category of Lv＇s Commentaries of History contributes to the study of the category thinking even the history of＂category＂in China.