从吐鲁番出土文书看南北朝时期高昌地区的棉纺织业

A Study on the Cotton Textile Industry in Gao Chang Area of the Southern and Northern Dynasties from the Document Unearthed from Turfan

考古工作者在塔里木盆地的汉晋遗址发现的丝绸和锦缎为内地西输的织物,非当地所产。土著居民习于其固有的生产方式,以皮制品为主,桑蚕植麻织布技巧并未推广开来。内地丝绸麻布纺织业发达,可满足人们生活需要;因道路不畅,草棉种子及其种植、纺织技巧未从印度传入中国内地。从汉晋至隋唐,中国内地并不种植棉花,也无绵纺织业。公元1世纪中期,因佛教之传播,棉花种植及纺纱织布的技巧从印度传入塔里木盆地绿洲诸国;可能迟至在公元3世纪传入高昌地区。考古工作者发现棉布实物、吐鲁番出土文书记载棉布时间约在公元4世纪。

Silk and brocade discovered in Han-Jin Dynasty Site in Tarim Basin were considered to be the fabric from inland not to be from the local by archaeological workers. The local people used to be the inherent way of life, and they mainly made leather and spread Mulberry silk weaving technique to everywhere. As the inland silk linen textile industry developed so quickly, which could satisfy people's living needs. The grass seed and its growing textile skills had not been introduced into China from India because of the road. From Han-Jin Dynasty to Sui and Tang Dynasties, the mainland of China did not grow cotton and no Cotton textile industry. In the middle of the 1st century, the technique of cotton planting and spinning was introduced from India to the oasis of the Tarim basin because of the spread of Buddhism. It may have been introduced to Gaochang area in the 3rd century AD. The archaeological workers found that the cotton piece of the material of Turfan was recorded in the fourth century AD.