释吐鲁番文书中的“影名”

Notes on Ying Ming from Turfan Documents

在吐鲁番文书中,两次出现"影名"一词。《词源》和《汉语大词典》均未设词条,《吐鲁番出土文书词语考释》解释为"隐藏名字"。阿斯塔那509墓出文书中有"詃诱影他","詃诱"即欺骗诱惑;但"影他"不可释作"隐藏/遮蔽他人",理解为"冒充他人"方与上下文义契合。《汉语大词典》中"影占"词条义项中"影"有"虚"、"冒"义。同理,与"名"字构成"影名"时,其义就是"冒名";文书中"影名假代"即现代汉语所言"冒名顶替"。在今日山西稷山县及陕西西安地区方言里,"影名"一词仍频频出现,为"以什么为名义,实际上却干别的事情",在当代汉语里的这一用法,至多只是对其原始含义的延伸或扩大。

There occurs two times about Ying Ming"影名"in Turfan Documents. The book Word Source and Chinese Dictionary didn't include this word. The thesis"some words from documents unearthed from Turfan "explained"hiding name "the document from Astana No.509 cemetery said"Jian you ying ta ","to decoy"means"to inveigle", however Ying Ta can't be explained as" hide/shield others ", while it could be understood as"pretend to be others ", which is just fit for its words and meaning. In the Chinese Dictionary, it means"Ying Zhan", here the Ying means"Xu(false)"and"Mao(giving off)", When the words Ying and Ming are put together, its means"assume another's name". So in this document it has the same meaning with"Mao Ming Ding Ti(imposture)". Ying Ming"影名"is very common to see in the dialects of Shangxi and Xi'an area, which means for sb's name but for doing other things, whose usage in modern Chinese is a kind of extension or enlargement of its origin meaning at the most.