库尔勒香梨土壤主要养分与产量关系的研究

Study on the relationship between soil main nutrient and the yield of Korla Fragrant Pear

以综合管理水平较高的库尔勒香梨(Pyrus Bretschneideri Rehd,简称香梨)示范园为研究区域,通过测定香梨园土壤主要营养元素含量及标准株的产量,构建库尔勒香梨土壤主要营养元素与产量之间关系模型。结果表明:(1)不同土壤层次,0~20 cm土壤有机质含量和有效磷含量高于20~60 cm,0~20 cm碱解氮含量和速效钾含量低于20~60 cm;(2)0~20 cm和20~60 cm土壤层有机质含量与香梨产量关系显著,分别呈对数(P=0.021)和幂函数(P=0.034);0~20 cm土壤层碱解氮与产量关系不显著,而20~60 cm土壤层碱解氮与产量呈对数函数(P=0.053);0~20 cm和20~60 cm土壤层有效磷与产量关系极显著(P=0.014,0.002),相关模型均为对数函数;0~20 cm土壤层速效钾与产量呈幂函数(P=0.041)。总体而言,库尔勒香梨园20~60 cm土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量与库尔勒香梨产量显著相关,表明香梨施肥应深施为宜,施肥深度应≥20 cm;同时,构建土壤养分(x)和单株产量(y)关系模型,即有机质y=28.56x0.22、碱解氮y=16.02lnx+91.72、有效磷y=16.42lnx+110.11、速效钾y=75.96x0.28,达到通过库尔勒香梨目标产量进行定量推荐施肥的目的。

The study was set up at the demonstration site of Pyrus Bretschneideri Rehd（＂Korla Pear＂） with relatively higher integrated management level to describe the relationship between the main nutrient elements in the soil of Korla Pear and its yield by measuring the contents of main nutrient elements in the soil and the yield for Korla Pear.The results were as follows：（1） The content of organic matter and available phosphorus in the 0 - 20 cm soil was higher than that in the 20 - 60 cm soil,while the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium in the 0 - 20 cm soil was lower than that in the 20 - 60 cm soil.（2） The correlation between the content of organic matter in the 0 - 20 cm soil and the yield of Korla Pear could be represented by a logarithmic function（P = 0.021）.The correlation between the content of organic matter in the 20 - 60 cm soil and the yield of Korla Pear could be represented by a power function（P = 0.034）.The correlation between the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the 0 - 20 cm soil and the yield of Korla Pear was not significant,and could be represented by a power function.The correlation between the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the 20 - 60 cm soil and the yield of Korla Pear could be represented by a logarithmic function（P = 0.053）.The content of available phosphorus in both the 0 - 20 cm soil and the 20 - 60 cm soil had a significant logarithmic correlation with the yield（P = 0.014,0.002）.The content of available potassium in the 0 - 20 cm soil had a significant power correlation with the yield of Korla Pear（P = 0.041）.As a whole,the content of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the 20 - 60 cm soil was significantly correlated with the yield of Korla Pear.Thus,the fertilizer should be applied in deeper soil layers,i.e.the depth of fertilization was ≥20 cm; the relational model of the soil nutrients（x） and the yield（y） was established.Specifically,for organic matter y = 28.56 x0.22,for alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen y = 16.02 lnx ＋ 91.72,for available phosphorus y = 16.42 lnx ＋ 110.11,for and available potassium y = 75.96 x0.28.The goal of recommending specific amount of fertilizer based on target yield of Korla Pear was achieved.