皖西地区农药中毒流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of pesticide poisoning in western Anhui Province

目的分析皖西地区农药中毒流行特征,为制定预防策略和控制措施提供依据。方法收集皖西地区2006—2016年通过职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统报告的农药中毒报告卡,对农药中毒发生概况、病例三间分布及中毒农药种类进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2006—2016年皖西地区累计报告农药中毒2 993例,其中生产性中毒280例(9.36%),非生产性中毒2 713例(90.64%),年均发病率为4.63/10万,呈逐年升高趋势(P<0.01);农药中毒死亡100例,病死率为3.34%。生产性中毒和非生产性中毒均以第三季度(7—9月)病例数最多,分别占78.22%和28.86%;生产性中毒病例主要分布在45~<55岁组,非生产性中毒病例主要分布在35~<45岁,分别占29.64%和20.94%;生产性中毒和非生产性中毒病例数男女性别比分别为2.33∶1和1∶1.57。中毒农药种类涉及杀虫剂、杀菌剂和杀鼠剂等7类,以有机磷中毒为主(30.84%),农药中毒病死率最高的是杀虫双(10.93%)。结论非生产性农药中毒是皖西地区农药中毒的主要类型,有机磷类杀虫剂是引起中毒的主要农药种类。

Objective To learn of the epidemiological characteristics of pesticide poisoning in western Anhui Province,and to provide the basis for control and prevention. Methods The pesticide poisoning report cards in western Anhui Province during2006-2016 were collected from Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the general situation of pesticide poisoning,the distribution of three cases and the types of pesticide poisoning. Results There were totally 2 993 cases with pesticide poisoning in western Anhui Province from 2006 to 2016,of which 280 cases（9.36%） were industrial poisoning and 2 713 cases（90.64%） were non-industrial poisoning. The average annual incidence rate was 4.63/10 000,and showed an increasing trend year by year（P〈0.01）. One hundred cases died due to pesticide poisoning,and the fatality rate was 3.34%. Both the industrial and non-industrial poisoning cases were the highest in the third quarter（from July to September）,accounting for 78.21% and 28.86% respectively. The cases of industrial poisoning were mainly distributed in 45-55 years old group,and the non-industrial poisoning cases were mainly distributed in 35-45 years old, accounting for 29.64% and 20.94% respectively. The number of cases of industrial poisoning and non-industrial poisoning was 2.33∶1 and 1∶1.57 respectively. The types of pesticide poisoning involve seven kinds of insecticides,fungicides and rodenticide,and organic phosphorus poisoning was accounted for 30.84%. The highest mortality rate of pesticide poisoning was bisultap（10.93%）. Conclusion The non-industrial pesticide poisoning is the main type in western Anhui Province of pesticide poisoning,and organ phosphorus insecticides are the main types of pesticide poisoning.